Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal
The E-BPJ is an international multidisciplinary Open Access Journal which adheres to the BOAI definition of open access: that users have the right to ‘read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles. It is currently indexed in the Clarivate Analytics Web of Science, and ScienceOPEN. It publishes double-blind peer-reviewed, original research conference papers relating to Environment-Behaviour, General Psychology, and Quality of Life issues affecting the Asian/African/Arabian communities living in both their countries and in others. The selected papers published were presented at the multiple serial annual international conferences (Memories) held worldwide since 2010, jointly organised by the Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers (AMER), and Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies (cE-Bs), College of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia. More information about the submission process can be found at Forthcoming conferences. The Paper Processing Charge (Publication Fees) is @ USD300 per full paper (double-blind peer review included) for the full paper to be published. Commencing 2018 the E-BPJ is published three times annually, excluding Special Issues. Published by e-IPH Ltd UK.
e-International Publishing House (e-IPH) Limited, UK
Calligraphy Curation Pedagogy for Children’s Aesthetic Development: A narrative review
This review aims to respond to UNESCO’s call to embed intangible cultural heritage in schooling, examining how a curation-inspired pedagogy can cultivate Chinese children’s aesthetic literacy through calligraphy practice. A narrative review of relational aesthetics, policy documents, and artist-led fieldwork (e.g., community projects by artist Qiu Zhijie) identifies three core pedagogical moves: place-based embodiment, techno-cultural mediation, and participatory exhibition design. These moves enhance students’ aesthetic sensitivity, cultural awareness, and civic engagement. A practical framework and assessment rubric are proposed to guide educators, bridging traditional calligraphy instruction with culturally responsive practice.
Copyright (c) 2025 Xi Chen, Siti Zuraida Maaruf, Akmal Ahamed Kamal2 Ahamed Kamal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Academic Fatigue in Asian Higher Education: A thematic literature review
Academic fatigue affects students’ motivation, academic performance, and mental health. This study aims to identify and analyze factors contributing to academic fatigue among students in Asian higher education institutions through a thematic literature review. A systematic search of 25 peer-reviewed articles indexed in Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) between 2020 and 2025 was analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis. The findings reveal factors of academic fatigue: (1) sociodemographic influences; (2) pressures from field of study selection; (3) academic stress; (4) psychosocial stress; (5) financial constraints; (6) safety-related stress; (7) academic distraction from social media; (8) time management difficulties.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurul Badriyah Ali, S. Salahuddin Suyurno, Muhammad Fikri Norddin, Angraini Ramli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Digital Competencies and Academic Performance among Malaysian Graduating Business Students
Integrating digital competencies into the curriculum is currently a top issue in higher education. This study investigates the relationship between digital competencies and academic performance among final-year business students at a Malaysian public university. Using surveys, data was analysed through correlation and multiple regression. Findings revealed that all five dimensions of digital competencies —problem-solving, collaboration, device handling, information literacy, and digital security —were positively correlated with academic performance, but only overall digital competency significantly predicted outcomes. The results highlight the importance of digital skills as a holistic construct and provide implications for higher education to strengthen digital literacy for student success.
Copyright (c) 2025 MUHAMAD KHALIL OMAR, Ainie Hairianie Aluwi , Norashikin Hussein , Mohammad Alhusban https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Engaging Minds, Bridging Cultures: Gamified learning for adolescent cultural awareness
This study evaluates the usability and suitability of the Patrio Playmat as a culturally responsive teaching tool to enhance students’ and teachers’ awareness of Malaysia’s multicultural diversity and biodiversity. The Patrio Playmat, inspired by board games, is an interactive learning mat featuring multicultural themes and endangered Malaysian animal species as game components. Guided by SMART goals (Rubin, 2002) and Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory, the study employed a design developmental research approach using case study methods. Data was collected through interviews and questionnaires with three secondary school Visual Arts Education teachers in Shah Alam, Selangor.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Zuraida Maaruf, Hareez Haiqal Shaari, Wang Ling, Akmal Ahamed Kamal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Exploring China-Malaysia Educational Cooperation within the Context of BRI
Under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) framework, many policies and measures to foster international educational cooperation and exchange have been gradually introduced and implemented. This research aims to explore the key points of China-Malaysia bilateral educational cooperation, discover the laws and needs of cooperation, and summarize good experiences and practices under the policy background of the BRI. It will help form a long-term mechanism for bilateral educational cooperation and further improve the quality of education and cultural exchange.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chaoqun Wang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Instructional use of Scientific Calculators in Algebra Learning
This study looks at how scientific calculators are used to teach mathematics to secondary school students in Selangor. A mixed-method design comprising questionnaires (n = 173) and interviews was used to examine students' usage, perceptions, and involvement. The findings demonstrated that purposeful calculator integration enhances motivation, self-assurance, and problem-solving skills while reducing algebra anxiety. Students demonstrated greater engagement and a deeper conceptual comprehension when calculators were used as teaching instruments rather than as computing aids. The study's conclusions suggest that by successfully integrating calculators into the classroom, teachers can influence students' attitudes towards mathematics and promote deeper, more enjoyable learning experiences.
Copyright (c) 2025 NUR AL FATIHAH BINTI MOHD ZULKIFLI, TAU HAN CHEONG, JOSEPH BOON ZIK HONG, JUAN LI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Integrating Cultural Diversity in Art Education: The development of Mc-TCIM through expert validation
This study develops the Multicultural Traditional Craft Interactive Module (Mc-TCIM) as an alternative pedagogical tool to foster culturally responsive teaching in secondary Visual Arts Education. Using the Fuzzy Delphi Technique, expert consensus was obtained on suitable elements, strategies, and content for the module. The findings highlight the inclusion of Malaysian traditional crafts from Sabah, Sarawak, and the Orang Asli, alongside interactive multimedia, to enhance engagement and cater to diverse learning styles. Mc-TCIM provides educators with a framework to integrate multicultural values, promoting cultural sensitivity, collaboration, and appreciation of Malaysia’s heritage.
Copyright (c) 2025 Akmal Ahamed Kamal, Siti Zuraida Maaruf , Mohd Khairezan Rahmat , Ling Wang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Online and Hybrid Learning Environment: Challenges and issues experienced by university students
Expanding educational settings to include online and hybrid modes requires discussing their challenges. This study explores the difficulties undergraduates encounter, including the impact on mental health concerns. These quantitative studies were distributed through a Google Form among 529 university students and analyzed using SPSS version 26. The survey reveals that individuals face multiple challenges, including anxiety and despair, while engaging in online and hybrid learning. It is recommended that suitable guidelines be formulated to mitigate the issues associated with online and hybrid learning for a better learning experience.
Copyright (c) 2025 siti fathihah latif, Ateerah Abdul Razak , Asma Lailee Mohd Nor , Mohd Husairi Ramli, Azahah Abu Hassan Shaari, Yohan Kurniawan, Puti Febrina Niko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Swipe, Click or Flip? Learning Preferences for Pre-pregnancy Care Education Among Young Women: A preliminary study
Pre-pregnancy care (PPC) reduces pregnancy and birth-related risks but remains underutilised, particularly among young Malaysian women. This study examines young women's preferences for digital and traditional health education environments to enhance engagement in PPC. A cross-sectional survey of 500 university females (ages 18–25) reveals a strong preference for digital platforms, mainly social media and mobile applications, while traditional formats such as printed materials and face-to-face sessions are also valued. The findings provide empirical evidence for developing culturally appropriate, theory-driven interventions that align with communication preferences. Integrating hybrid strategies can improve PPC awareness, health literacy, and maternal quality of life.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nur Diyana Sakinah Muhamad Rusdi, Nik Nairan Abdullah, Suzanna Daud, Waqar Al-Kubaisy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Advancing Quality of Life through Thalassaemia Awareness with THALEA
Thalassaemia is a severe hereditary disease, but most carriers are unaware of their risk, increasing the chance of having children with thalassaemia major. Premarital screening is important, but awareness among youths remains low. To address this, we developed and validated the Thalassaemia Education and Awareness (THALEA) Kit, a theory-based intervention for high school students using the ADDIE framework. THALEA contains nine educational materials and shows strong validity. The S-CVI/Ave was 0.95, and the average S-FVI/Ave was 0.96, indicating excellent agreement and validity across all items. In conclusion, THALEA has the potential to improve thalassaemia knowledge and screening intentions among adolescents.
Copyright (c) 2025 Maisarah Noor Anwar, Nik Nairan Abdullah, Dalila Roslan, Aimi Nadira Mat Ruzlin, Marisa Syavitri Dilaga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Comparison and Agreement of LDL-C Formulas in Cardiovascular Risk Stratification among Malaysians
Several formulas have been developed to estimate the LDL-C values, such as the Friedewald, Martin-Hopkins, Sampson, and Anandaraja equations. However, their performance has not been extensively evaluated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the agreement of these LDL-C formulas and analyze the clinical LDL-C group reclassification. The results showed that Friedewald consistently underestimates LDL-C compared to the others, but reclassification using Martin or Sampson may not align with Friedewald-based risk categorization. Anandaraja showed the highest misclassification. These discrepancies may affect treatment decisions. Future studies should validate performance in high-risk subgroups and consider formula-specific cut-offs to improve cardiovascular risk assessment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Noor Alicezah Mohd Kasim, Yung-An Chua, Nurain Ibrahim, Putrya Hawa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Early Mobilisation Practices among Intensive Care Unit Nurses: A scoping review of influencing factors
Background: Early mobilisation in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) is associated with reduced complications, shorter stays, and improved recovery; yet its implementation remains inconsistent worldwide. Aim: To explore factors influencing ICU nurses’ early mobilisation practices. Objectives: To synthesise existing evidence and identify gaps requiring research and policy improvement. Methods: A scoping review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and ScienceDirect for studies published between 2015 and 2025; 25 studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings: Key factors were nurses’ knowledge, training, staffing ratios, protocols, interdisciplinary collaboration, and organisational culture, with notable gaps and unclear role definitions identified. Keywords: Early ambulation, intensive care unit, critical care
Copyright (c) 2025 Sabrina Kamarozaman, Zamzaliza A Mulud, Norfidah Mohamad, Rukayya Zubair Abubakar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Exploring Changes in Healthcare Waste Management Post COVID-19: A qualitative study in a Maldivian health facility
Healthcare waste management (HCWM) practice is a fundamental activity for all institutions. Improper handling of healthcare waste (HCW) poses health risks and environmental damage. Thus, a qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with selected participants in a Maldivian health facility to explore HCWM practices before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The content analysis technique was employed to analyze the data generated. The study results identified significant changes to HCWM, including institutional practices and organizational culture, as well as challenges and key interventions that required proper handling, such as training and education, clear guidelines, and institutional changes. Implications are addressed.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fazeela Moosa, Zamzaliza Abdul Mulud, Mariyam Nazviya, Abdul Azeez Hameed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Factors Influencing Healthcare Professionals’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Self-efficacy in CPR: A systematic review
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is a vital lifesaving intervention for cardiac arrest. The systematic review is to investigate CPR knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and influencing factors among health professionals. This review analyzed cross-sectional studies published from 2019 to 2024 using data sources from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The result revealed a good knowledge ranging from 11.9% to 89.5%. Approximately 65.0% had positive attitudes, and 89.4% positive self-efficacy. Affecting factors include age, work experience, CPR training, specialty area, and exposure to cardiac arrest cases. The findings highlight the importance of standardized and frequent CPR training, leading to improved quality of care.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nik Hasmumthaj Nik Hassan, Siti Khuzaimah Ahmad Sharoni, Dathini Hamina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Occupational Therapy in Sleep Assessment Tools for Mental Health: A scoping review
Introduction: Sleep is a fundamental occupation critically linked to mental health stability and functional performance. According to the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework (OTPF-4), sleep and rest are formally recognized as core occupations essential to health, well-being, and participation, underscoring their relevance within occupational therapy practice. Despite the holistic, client-centered approach of occupational therapy (OT) in addressing sleep disturbances, the extent and nature of evidence regarding the use of sleep assessment tools in mental health practice remain unclear. This scoping review maps the existing literature to identify the tools used, their integration into interventions, and gaps in the evidence. Methods: Following the Arksey and O’Malley framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines, a systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for peer-reviewed literature published between 2015–2025. Included studies if they involved OT-led sleep interventions incorporating at least one validated sleep assessment tool for adolescents or adults with mental health conditions. Exclusion criteria included studies that did not use validated instruments, focused solely on pediatric populations, or lacked OT-led intervention components. Data extraction captured the type of tool, the intervention context, reported outcomes, and links to occupational therapy models. Results: From 1,482 identified records, five studies met the inclusion criteria. The evidence, although limited and emerging, revealed a range of sleep assessment tools, most commonly the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and sleep diaries, used in diverse interventions such as cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and weighted blankets. Studies reported improvements in sleep efficiency, latency, and mental health symptoms. Key findings include the utility of tools for baseline assessment, intervention personalization, and progress monitoring. However, significant gaps were identified, including a lack of OT-specific theoretical frameworks, inconsistent and underutilized assessment methods (for instance, diaries were rarely analyzed for occupational patterns), short-term follow-up, and insufficient linkage between sleep outcomes and occupational participation. Methodological weaknesses were also evident, including the limited use of OT perspectives and lack of long-term designs. Conclusion: OT demonstrates preliminary promise in addressing sleep disturbances among individuals with mental health conditions. Yet, the evidence remains constrained by limited methodological rigor and a lack of occupation-focused assessment tools. Future research should prioritize the development and validation of OT-specific sleep assessment instruments, adopt longitudinal and mixed-method designs, and explicitly examine how sleep interventions influence participation in meaningful occupations. Such efforts are essential to strengthen OT’s distinct contribution to advancing sleep and rest as recognized domains of practice within the OTPF.
Copyright (c) 2025 NOR FARAHAINA BINTI ZAINUDIN, Mohd Ghazali Mahsuri, Muhammad Hidayat Sahid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Mental Help-Seeking Barriers among Young Adults in Tertiary Education in Malaysia
While depression is highly associated with adverse consequences, mental health professional services are still underutilised by young adults. Thus, this qualitative study aims to explore the barriers to professional mental help-seeking among young adults with depression symptoms while seeking help for their mental health concerns. Through reflexive thematic analysis of interview transcripts, the study found (1) expression problem; (2) attitude; (3) fear; (4) presence of alternative support; (5) mental health literacy (MHL); and (6) instrumental barrier as perceived barriers for young adults while seeking help from mental health professionals (MHP).
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurman Shah Nuwawi, Zamzaliza Abdul Mulud, Rizki Fitryasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Nurse-Led Self-Care Interventions to Improve Quality of Life in Heart Failure Patients: A scoping review
Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, often resulting in repeated hospitalizations and reduced quality of life (QoL). This scoping review examined nurse-led self-care interventions aimed at improving QoL in HF patients. Seven databases were searched using terms related to self-care, HF, nursing interventions, and QoL. From 1,288 records, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. Interventions such as transitional care, structured education, home visits, and telehealth follow-up improved self-care maintenance, symptom recognition, QoL, and reduced hospital readmissions. Despite positive effects, mixed psychological outcomes and heterogeneous study designs highlight the need for standardized interventions and evaluations.
Copyright (c) 2025 NORFIDAH MOHAMAD, Zamzaliza Abdul Mulud, Chong Mei Chan, Abu Bakar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Parents’ Experiences of Occupational Therapy for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Parents play a vital role in shaping occupational therapy (OT) outcomes for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet their experiences remain underexplored. This qualitative study at WQ Park Health and Rehabilitation Centre used Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to investigate parental perspectives. Semi-structured interviews with ten parents of children with mild ASD revealed three key themes: balancing hopes with therapy realities, fostering trust and collaboration with therapists, and overcoming systemic barriers such as cost and accessibility. Findings emphasize the importance of family-centered, collaborative OT practices that empower parents, enhance understanding, and ensure continuity of care beyond child-focused outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hazirah Md Saleh, Syamsul Anwar Sultan Ibrahim , Jayachandran Vetrayan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
HERO at Work: Investigating the Effects of PsyCap on Gen Z job performance
This study examines the role of Psychological Capital (PsyCap) in predicting job performance among Generation Z employees in Malaysia’s banking sector. Using the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-24) and cleaned data from 167 Gen Z bankers, analyzed with SmartPLS 4.0, the findings indicate that hope and self-efficacy are key drivers of performance. At the same time, resilience and optimism are not significant. The study suggests that banking leaders should implement interventions to enhance hope and self-efficacy among Gen Z employees. However, it acknowledges its limitations, including its cross-sectional design and sector-specific focus
Copyright (c) 2025 Zuraidah Sipon, Atik Djajanti, Muhammad Majid, A. Dewantoro Marsono, Norshahniza Sahari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Investigating Organisation Learning Mechanisms on Employees: An exploratory study in a Government Link Company
This study aims to investigate the impact of how learning organisation is influenced by the environment and to identify the learning and development needs in learning organization. It highlights the necessity for GLCs to implement more extensive and inclusive organisational learning initiatives to improve workforce capabilities. A sample of 34 employees was chosen via simple random sampling to ensure representation of management, supervisory, and operational personnel. Descriptive and inferential studies were performed to investigate the correlations between organisational learning processes and employee outcomes. In this study, employees agreed on understanding the mission of the organization align with the organisation's learning
Copyright (c) 2025 Thahira Bibi TKM Thangal, Siti Nur Aisyah Alias, Vidyarini Dwita, Noor Hanim Rahmat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Development and Validation of the Commuting Safety Management Coordinator Module
The lack of commuting safety management at workplaces is a contributing factor to the increase in commuting accidents in Malaysia. Thus, this study aimed to develop and validate a Commuting Safety Management Coordinator module using the Design and Development Research (DDR) approach integrated with the Sidek Module Development Model (SMDM). The module, consisting of 11 units, was reviewed by 11 experts through a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and achieved a content validity level of 87%, indicating strong content validity. The validated module supports organizations in enhancing commuting safety practices and warrants further research on module reliability and effectiveness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohd Hafzi Md Isa, Harun Bakar, Wan Mazlina Wan Mohamed, Mouloud Khelf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Enhancing Workplace Road Safety through the Work-Related Road Safety Support Program
Work-related road safety is a critical concern in Malaysia, with crashes affecting employee welfare and organizational performance. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Work-Related Road Safety Support Program (WRRSP) in 40 organizations, comprising 20 with the intervention and 20 without. The program, delivered through expert consultations and tailored recommendations, aimed to strengthen management practices and reduce risks. Using a pre- and post-program questionnaire and univariate general linear model analysis, significant improvements were observed in safety management, communication, and employee induction among intervention organizations, confirming the positive impact of WRRSP in enhancing workplace road safety.
Copyright (c) 2025 Harun Bakar, Rusdi Rusli, Yusuf Adinegoro, Mohd Rafee Baharudin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Barriers to Occupational Balance in Daily Living: Perspectives of university students with physical disabilities
Occupational balance, the perspective of engaging in the right mix of meaningful daily activities, is crucial for health and well-being. University students with physical disabilities (SWPD) often face barriers that limit functional performance, participation, and independence. This qualitative study explored these barriers among ten SWPDs from five Malaysian public universities using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis. Five themes emerged: Occupational Performance Challenges, Functional Mobility Limitations, Functional Status Constraints, Limited Occupational Participation, and Occupational Deprivation and Withdrawal. In summary, findings highlight that occupational barriers among university SWPD extend beyond environmental constraints to include performance challenges, functional limitations, and participation restrictions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sharifah Najwa Zulkifli, Syamsul Anwar Sultan Ibrahim, Mohd Suleiman Murad, Usep Abdulmatin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on Degradation Mechanism in Mechanical Components of CCS Facilities in Malaysian marine environment
Malaysia has committed to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050, with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) identified as a key strategy. However, CCS infrastructure faces heightened risks of corrosion and material degradation under the tropical marine environment. This review synthesises recent studies on degradation mechanisms, including corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, and fatigue in CCS components. Findings reveal accelerated deterioration of carbon steels, improved resistance of chromium-enriched alloys, and critical impacts of impurities in s-CO₂. Research gaps include limited tropical field data, underdeveloped predictive models, and the absence of Malaysia-specific guidelines. Addressing these issues is vital for a sustainable CCS deployment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Qistina Samirah Mohd Saudi, Xin Yang, Mohd Nor Azmi Ab Patar, Jamaluddin Mahmud https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Evolving Heritage: Alteration trends in Selangor’s pre-independence mosques
This study investigates the architectural significance of Selangor's pre-independence mosques, focusing on how alteration trends respond to contemporary needs while sustaining Islamic practices. Many heritage mosques have transformed, risking the loss of their historical value. Through qualitative visual analysis and literature review, the research highlights the challenge of balancing functional adaptation with heritage preservation. Conservation efforts, including gazetting under the National Heritage Act (Act 645), aim to protect these irreplaceable cultural assets. The findings contribute to heritage discourse by proposing a framework that reconciles historical integrity with modern usage demands.
Copyright (c) 2025 Khairin Izzatul Nabila Khairil, Shahrul Yani Said, Nik Farhanah Nik Azhari , Jonny Wongso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Educational Chatbots in Language Teaching and Learning at Malaysian Universities
Artificial intelligence is reshaping higher education, with chatbots increasingly explored as virtual assistants for language learning. This study investigates Malaysian students' awareness, usage, and expectations of chatbots in tertiary education. A survey of 101 students from Klang Valley institutions across disciplines such as Teaching English as a Second Language (TESL), nursing, business, and engineering was conducted. Findings show that although awareness of chatbots is high, their actual use for language learning remains limited. Nevertheless, students strongly expressed interest in using chatbots for grammar, pronunciation, vocabulary, and conversational practice. The study suggests that integrating chatbots could promote learner autonomy, instant feedback, and student-centred pedagogy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dianna Suzieanna Mohamad Shah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Five-Step English Learning Model in Improving English of High School Students in Jinan, China
This study explored the impact of the Five-Step English Learning Model on improving English proficiency and motivation among high school students in Jinan, China. The model comprises five sequential stages: starting, constructing, consolidating, applying, and summarizing. The research was conducted over three months across six classes: three adopted the model, while three continued traditional teaching. The results revealed notable gains in students' language performance, participation, and intrinsic motivation. By emphasizing active learning and practical application, the study supports the Five-Step Model as an effective, learner-centered method to enhance English education and bridge the gap between exam skills and holistic development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Juan Li, Zik Hong Joseph Boon, Tau Han Cheong, Parmjit Singh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Influence of Information Quality on Restaurant Purchase Behaviour: Mediating roles of perceived usefulness and attitude
The rapid digitalisation of the restaurant industry has transformed how consumers make dining decisions, with online information now playing a vital role in influencing trust and purchase behaviour. This study examines the relationships among information quality, perceived usefulness, attitude, and restaurant purchase behaviour, using data from 327 Malaysian consumers analysed with SmartPLS 4. Results reveal that information quality significantly influences perceived usefulness, attitude, and purchase behaviour, with both perceived usefulness and attitude mediating its effects on consumer decisions. The findings show that reliable online communication builds trust, engagement, and loyalty, while positive restaurant experiences boost consumer well-being and quality life
Copyright (c) 2025 AMAL SYAFIQAH CHE MOHD RUZIMA, Muhammad Safuan Abdul Latip, Faradewi Bee A. Rahman, Andre Hernowo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Drainage Adequacy and Response Lag: Resident perspectives on the 2021 Klang Valley flood
This study examines the impact of perceptions of drainage adequacy and government responsiveness on flood impact and recovery outcomes in an urban Malaysian community. Using a convergent mixed-methods design, quantitative survey data from 88 flood-affected households were analyzed alongside thematic insights from open-ended responses. Significant associations were found between delayed assistance and public dissatisfaction, and between drainage perceptions and property damage. Qualitative findings reinforced the need for early warnings, improved drainage, and coordinated response systems. The results underscore the importance of timely intervention, infrastructure maintenance, and transparent governance to enhance community resilience and institutional trust in flood-prone environments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Foong Sin Lam, Fung Hoong Lim, Jer Vui Lee, Yeok Meng Ngeow, Macka Teguen, Manuella Wansilabo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Effects of Height on Cooling of Single-Span and Multi-Span Greenhouses in Summer in the YRD Region
Extreme summer heat in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) drives greenhouse air temperatures above crop tolerance, threatening yield stability. Natural ventilation offers a low-energy alternative to mechanical cooling, but its dependence on structural height remains poorly quantified. This study applies validated CFD simulations—benchmarking turbulence models, with the SST model achieving the highest accuracy—to assess single-span and multi-span greenhouses at varying heights. Results demonstrate contrasting mechanisms: taller single-span structures accumulate heat, whereas taller multi-span structures enhance buoyancy-driven ventilation and cooling. The findings establish a CFD-based framework for height optimization, delivering actionable guidelines for climate-adaptive greenhouse design.
Copyright (c) 2025 zhang weijian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Analysis of Representation of Nature and its Meaning in the Asyik Dance through Aristotle’s Theory of Mimesis
The Tarian Asyik, a royal dance from Kelantan originating in the Pattani Kingdom of Southern Thailand, was created by Raja Kuning, the Queen of Pattani, to express longing for a lost bird. Beyond court entertainment, the Asyik Dance represents nature through graceful movements, symbolic imagery, and harmony with the natural world. This study examines these representations by analysing three motifs—the bird, ocean waves, and elephant—through Aristotle’s theory of mimesis, which interprets art as the imitation of life. The findings reveal that Tarian Asyik embodies aesthetic beauty, philosophical meaning, and the Malay worldview.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ratna Fazlinda Jelly, Amsalib Pisali, Tengku Fauzan Tengku Anuar, Sharifuddin Zainal, Ismaliza Ishak, Adinda Usin Muka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Chinese New Year Illustration and Malaysian Batik Motifs: Innovative cross-cultural artistic fusion
This study explores the theoretical feasibility of fusing Chinese New Year illustrations with Malaysian Batik motifs within a cross-cultural framework. Both art forms exhibit profound symbolic, aesthetic, and functional parallels, including auspicious themes, narrative composition, and high-contrast color systems rooted in their respective socio-cultural contexts. Through comparative analysis of motifs, structure, and cultural semantics, this paper constructs a fusion feasibility matrix, highlighting shared decorative principles and visual harmony. The integration not only enriches intercultural dialogue but also revitalizes traditional arts via contemporary design interpretations. This research addresses a scholarly gap and offers a theoretical foundation for cross-cultural artistic innovation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Xin Zhang, Valerie Anak Michael, Shahrunizam bin Sulaiman, Jiangao Zou https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0