Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal
The E-BPJ is an international multidisciplinary Open Access Journal which adheres to the BOAI definition of open access: that users have the right to ‘read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles. It is currently indexed in the Clarivate Analytics Web of Science, and ScienceOPEN. It publishes double-blind peer-reviewed, original research conference papers relating to Environment-Behaviour, General Psychology, and Quality of Life issues affecting the Asian/African/Arabian communities living in both their countries and in others. The selected papers published were presented at the multiple serial annual international conferences (Memories) held worldwide since 2010, jointly organised by the Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers (AMER), and Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies (cE-Bs), College of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia. More information about the submission process can be found at Forthcoming conferences. The Paper Processing Charge (Publication Fees) is @ USD300 per full paper (double-blind peer review included) for the full paper to be published. Commencing 2018 the E-BPJ is published three times annually, excluding Special Issues. Published by e-IPH Ltd UK.
e-International Publishing House (e-IPH) Limited, UK
An Impact of Interactive Multimedia Videos on Aedes Mosquito among Primary School Students in a Dengue Endemic Area
This study evaluated the effectiveness of interactive multimedia videos in enhancing and sustaining primary students’ knowledge of Aedes mosquitoes and related diseases. Traditional textbook-based methods may not fully support deep learning, whereas multimedia offers a more engaging and student-centered approach. A total of 171 Standard Three students from two schools (control and intervention groups) participated. Using G*Power software, the sample size was determined, and a validated questionnaire was administered at three intervals. Data were analysed using a two-way mixed ANOVA. Findings showed that multimedia significantly improved comprehension and long-term retention, supporting its integration into primary health education curricula.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zul-‘Izzat Ikhwan Zaini, Norhafizah Karim, Siti Nor Ismalina Isa, Mohamad Hafiz Abu Seman, Rusnani Ab Latif, Hidayatulfathi Othman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Challenges and Performance of Cognitive, Behavioral, and Motor Skills in Dakon Gameplay: an initial study on developing Dakon as a therapeutic tool
This observational study examined challenges during Dakon gameplay among typically developing children and those with ADHD. We aimed to describe skill-related difficulties and compare cognitive, behavioral, and motor performance. Thirty children (ages 6–12; 10 ADHD, 20 typical) completed sessions; observers used a checklist. Typical peers significantly outperformed children with ADHD across attention, rule use, social interaction, and fine-motor precision (all p < .001). ADHD participants showed shorter attention, more impulsivity, and poorer manipulation of pieces. Findings highlight need for targeted task/environment modifications to optimize therapeutic use of Dakon. Limitations include observational design and sample size.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Hidayat Sahid, Akehsan Dahlan, Mohamad Ghazali Masuri, Ratna Darjanti Haryadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Establishing the Content Validity study of the Malay version of Parenting Scale (M-PS)
This study reports the content validity findings of the Malay-translated version of the Parenting Scale (PS). The objective is to identify relevant items from the translated version. The content validity was evaluated using a relevance score by two groups of parents: 10 parents without disabilities and 10 parents with physical disabilities. The study is a cross-sectional design to assess the Content Validity Index (CVI), including I-CVI, S-CVI/Ave, and modified kappa statistics. Findings indicated that several items required elimination, revision, or retention, ensuring cultural and contextual appropriateness of the PS for Malaysian parents, including those with physical disabilities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Salwa Talib, Nurul Nadzirah Ahmad Roslan, Muhammad Radhi Rahimi Abu Bakar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Exploration of Handwriting Issues among Specific Learning Disorder Children in Primary School in Malaysia from Teachers' Perspectives
Handwriting is vital for academic success, yet many children with specific learning disorders struggle with it. This study examined handwriting challenges in Malaysian primary schools through teachers’ lived experiences. Using a phenomenological design, seven teachers from a special education program in Pulau Pinang were interviewed. Thematic analysis highlighted three subthemes: students’ handwriting difficulties, lack of parental support at home, and the impact of these challenges on learning. Findings emphasise the need for tailored interventions and stronger home-school collaboration to improve handwriting outcomes and promote educational inclusion for children with specific learning disorders.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Azwan Azri, Rofiza Aboo Bakar, Muhammad Radhi Rahimi Abu Bakar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Exploring the Realities of Self-Management Among Adolescents with Thalassaemia and Their Caregivers in Malaysia: A qualitative study
Adolescents with thalassaemia face unique self-management challenges amid emotional and social changes. This research explored how Malaysian adolescents and their caregivers navigate self-management through in-depth interviews with 30 participants, analyzed thematically using Atlas. ti software. Three main themes emerged: knowledge and beliefs, self-regulation and adaptation, and communication and interaction. Findings highlight adolescents' awareness of their condition, motivation for health management, coping strategies, and the importance of open communication and social support. The study emphasizes the need for practical self-management tools and interventions to enhance adolescents' quality of life.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Munirah Abdul Wahab, Siti Khuzaimah Ahmad Sharoni, Wan Ismahanisa Ismail, Sumarno Adi Subrata https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Movement and Function Assessment Kit (MFAK) for Children with Specific Learning Disabilities
The Movement and Function Assessment Kit (MFAK) was developed to address the lack of comprehensive tools for assessing movement skills and functional performance in Malaysian children with Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD). This three-phase study involved: (i) analysis using four standardized tools with 148 children with SLD, (ii) expert focus group discussions to construct MFAK items, and (iii) validity and reliability testing of the alpha-prototype with 45 participants. Results showed that MFAK is a valid and reliable tool. MFAK benefits occupational therapists, special education teachers, and parents in evaluating movement and functional abilities in children with SLD.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nur Sakinah Baharudin, Dzalani Harun, Suhaili Ibrahim, Hanif Farhan Mohd Rasdi, Masne Kadar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Maternal Stress and Coping in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A mixed-method study in Northern Malaysia
Maternal stress in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) is a significant concern affecting both mothers and infant outcomes. This study examined stress levels and coping strategies among mothers of premature infants in northern Malaysia using a mixed-method explanatory sequential design. A total of 383 mothers were surveyed with the Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS: NICU) and Brief COPE, followed by interviews with 14 participants. Findings showed moderate stress (M = 2.16, SD = 0.92), highest in parental role alteration. Age and education were significantly associated with stress, and mothers relied mainly on emotional, spiritual, and social coping.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurul Farhana Mat Nadzir, Rusnani Ab Latif, Wan Ismahanisa Ismail, Yoyok Bekti Prasetyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Predicting Factors of Peak Flow Performance among Teenagers
Physical inactivity among teenagers contributes to health issues, including reduced lung function. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify predictors of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) among 137 adolescents aged 13–17. PEFR was measured using the Mini Wright Peak Flow Meter, with the subjects’ gender, age, height, and weight also recorded. Height showed a strong correlation with PEFR (r = 0.689), followed by gender (r = 0.498). Age (r = 0.259) and weight (r = 0.273) showed weaker correlations. Regression analysis identified gender and height as the strongest predictors of the outcome. These findings highlight the importance of anthropometric factors in evaluating adolescent respiratory health.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohamad Hafiz Abu Seman, Zul-‘Izzat Ikhwan Zaini, Nur Ainah Mohd Shipah, Nurshazana Akmal Jamaludin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Association of Depression, Anxiety, Stress with Quality of Life among Students in a Private University
Healthcare students are the ones who will be working in healthcare after they graduate. Studies show that healthcare studenst are more prone to suffer from stress, anxiety, and depression, which will lower their quality of life, because of their rigorous coursework, demanding lifestyle, financial strain, and strong competition in the medical field. The purpose of the study is to find the association between depression, anxiety and stress with quality of life (QoL) among students in a Private Healthcare University.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurul’ain Shuhaimi, Thevamalar Nadaraja, Noorismiza Zainuddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Knowledge, Awareness, and Practice Study of Occupational Safety and Health among Mukah Divisional Health Office Staff
Despite high occupational hazard risks, only one accident was reported in five years at Mukah Divisional Health Office, suggesting underreporting possibly due to gaps in OSH knowledge, awareness, and practices (KAP). This study assessed KAP levels among 114 staff, including those from KKIA. Findings showed high OSH knowledge overall, but medium levels on PPE and safety procedures. Awareness was high except for near-miss incidents. Practices were generally good. These gaps may contribute to underreporting. Targeted interventions such as safety training, awareness campaigns, workshops, and routine OSH inspections are recommended to reduce risks and improve workplace safety.
Copyright (c) 2025 Efa Syahmi Japeriden, Iman Nabilah Mohd Rosli, Litizia Jawai Edward, Priscilla Balok Peter, Ummi Udaimatunnur Mezalan, Siti Nor Ain Seri Masran https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Developing Healthcare and Safety (HCS) Framework to Reduce Mortality in Childcare Centres
Child mortality in Malaysian childcare centres remains a concern due to limited caregiver training and inadequate safety practices. This paper reports on an ongoing study aimed at developing a Healthcare and Safety (HCS) framework to mitigate deaths in registered childcare centres. Using a mixed-method exploratory sequential design, Phase I involves focus group discussions with 20 childcare workers in Seberang Perai Tengah, Penang. Phase II uses a three-round Delphi technique with ten expert panels to validate framework. The findings may inform improvements to existing childcare modules and support Sustainable Development Goal 3, promoting safer childcare environments and better health outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sitti Fatimah Ajui, Rusnani Ab. Latif, Wan Ismahanisa Ismail, Abdul Nasir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Perception of Person with Disabilities (PWDs’) Accessibility at Public Community Park
Public parks boost disability inclusion, well-being, and socialization. To accommodate PWDs and promote equality, park designers must understand their accessibility goals. PWD accessibility in public parks discussed through interviews with five PWDs who used public community parks. Signage, steep or uneven steps, deteriorating walkways, and insufficient handicapped parking are issues lead to poor accessibility. The report advises major improvements to Malaysian public community parks for PWDs and MS 1184 compliance. Public leisure facilities must be improved for all ages and abilities. Addressing these concerns is imperative for fostering inclusivity and promoting equitable access to recreational opportunities for PWDs in Malaysia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Nur Aisyah Muhamad Ridzuan, Nur ‘Amirah Mhd Noh, Ahmad Amru Mohamad Zaid, Muhammad Amir Syahir Mohd Zaidi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
A Scoping Review of the Rain Classroom: An intelligent pedagogical tool for nursing education
This scoping review explores the use of Rain Classroom, an interactive platform integrated with WeChat, within nursing education by analyzing its uses, benefits, and challenges. Out of 1,726 studies screened between 2016 and 2025, 27 empirical studies highlighted key strengths such as increased interactivity, real-time feedback, and adaptability. Nonetheless, notable obstacles persist, including technological demands on faculty, challenges with student self-discipline, and infrastructure limitations. While Rain Classroom presents significant potential, its effective implementation requires addressing both technical and educational hurdles, indicating a need for further research into its long-term effects and best practices for integration.
Copyright (c) 2025 Qin Xu, Linxia Xu, Hasni Embong, Rusnani Ab Latif, Yoyok Bekti Prasetyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Dysgraphia: Understanding, current detection, challenges and future scope
Dysgraphia, a subtype of specific learning disorder, impairs handwriting and written expression, often affecting academic success, self-esteem, and daily functioning. Despite recognition in diagnostic manuals, it remains under-identified, particularly in mainstream schools. This paper explores its clinical features, detection practices in Malaysia, and challenges faced by individuals, including academic, emotional, systemic, and diagnostic barriers. Emerging solutions highlight the role of multidisciplinary interventions and technological innovations such as AI-based handwriting analysis for early detection and support. Future directions emphasise inclusive, culturally sensitive, and sustainable approaches to improve identification, intervention, and outcomes for individuals with dysgraphia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Azwan Azri, Ahmad Zamir Che Daud, Rofiza Aboo Bakar, Revathi Paramasivam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Food Safety Compliance in Islamic Schools: Knowledge, attitudes and practices of food handlers
The incidence of food poisoning in school canteens is increasing and poorly understood. It involves young and vulnerable children. School food handlers must understand food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices to prevent cross-contamination during food preparation effectively. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to food safety compliance among food handlers in Islamic schools. A cross-sectional study involving 33 food handlers from 15 schools under the Islamic Education District Office in Tangkak, Johor, was conducted using a structured questionnaire. The findings demonstrate that the school food handlers exhibited sufficient knowledge (85.15%), attitudes (84.55%), and practices (84.85%).
Copyright (c) 2025 Nadiatul Syima Mohd Shahid, Muhammad Hazim Ismail, Siti Norashikin Mohamad Shaifuddin, Wan Ismahanisa Ismail https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Self-Perceived Clinical Competence among Undergraduate Nursing Students in Malaysia
This study examined the level of self-perceived clinical competence among 275 final-year nursing students from seven public universities in Peninsular Malaysia. Data were collected via online questionnaires using a cross-sectional design and purposive sampling. Results showed that most students perceived themselves as highly competent, particularly in domains related to nursing professional behavior and general performance. This finding revealed that final-year nursing students generally feel confident and competent in their clinical abilities as they transition into professional practice. This study emphasizes the importance of enhancing clinical education to ensure that graduates are well-prepared for the demands of the workforce.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hasni Embong, Norhasmah Mohd Zain, Zalilawatie Zakaria https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
A Review of Cytokine Detection Methods in β-Thalassemia Major Patients
β-thalassemia major (β-TM) is defined by persistent inflammation and immune dysfunction, with cytokine profiling being crucial for diagnosis and research. This review evaluates methodologies used in cytokine quantification among β-TM patients. A targeted literature search revealed prominent methods such as ELISA, Luminex, flow cytometry, and qRT-PCR. Although ELISA remains the most common method, methodological discrepancies and limited cytokine panels hinder data comparability. Multiplex technologies offer improved efficiency but remain underused. Enhanced standardization and broader cytokine coverage are essential to strengthen biomarker discovery and clinical application in β-TM research. Findings suggest that researchers require unified, multiplex-capable platforms in future investigations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ali Alsamiri, Wan Ismahanisa Ismail, Talal Qadah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Aedes Mosquito Surveillance using Ovitrap in Selected High-Risk Areas in Bau District, Sarawak
This study investigated the distribution of Aedes species in two high-risk areas in Bau District: Pasar Bau (public area) and Kampung Podam (household area), using ovitrap surveillance over five weeks. A total of 180 ovitraps were deployed indoors and outdoors across both sites. Kampung Podam recorded a higher Ovitrap Index (OI) and Positive House Index (PHI), indicating more favorable breeding conditions in household environments. Aedes albopictus was the dominant species at both sites, while Ae. aegypti was found in indoor areas in Pasar Bau. Kampung Podam’s Level 3 OI (>30%) highlights the need for prioritized household-based vector control efforts.
Copyright (c) 2025 Emelie Shalin Patrick, Ahmad Umayr Ahmad Zaki, Minhalina Batrisyia Abdul Majid, Bibiana Tuya Charles, Ahmad Adam Mukhriz Ahmad Fuad, Nurzawani Md Sofwan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude regarding Traditional Herbal Medicine among Diabetes Patients
The general population widely use herbal remedies for blood glucose control. This study examines diabetes patients' knowledge and attitudes towards traditional herbal medicine in Klang Valley. The survey had 391 responses: 58.8% female, 41.2% male. About 91% used herbs, mainly olive oil/leaves (42.2%), cinnamon (17.4%), and garlic (13.8%). Herbs were used primarily for supplementary benefits (47.3%) and affordability/accessibility (19.7%). Despite widespread use, 84.7% of patients admitted to using herbs with their diabetic medicines. Most participants have moderate knowledge and attitudes towards herbal therapy for diabetes. Diabetic Education for the public should include instruction on safe usage of herbal remedies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Farrah Shafeera Ibrahim, Siti Solehah Nor Rizan, Naleena Devi Muniandy, Siti Nur Ismalina Isa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Assessing the Need for Counseling Services among Nursing Students in Northern Malaysia: A critical insight into a neglected area of nursing education
Nursing students in northern Malaysia experience considerable academic demands, emotional strain, and clinical duties, all of which impact their mental well-being and academic performance. This study explores their counseling needs, with an emphasis on self-leadership, communication skills, learning techniques, and coping strategies. By surveys and focus group discussions, major themes such as heavy workloads, clinical-related stress, and feelings of isolation emerged. Findings highlight shortcomings in existing counseling services, especially in stress management and resilience-building. The study proposes the implementation of a structured, accessible, and student-focused counseling framework designed to support nursing students in becoming resilient and well-prepared healthcare professionals.
Copyright (c) 2025 Darul Farah Yaacob, Rusnani Ab Latif, Yoyok Bekti Prasetyo, Ns.Henny Dwi Susanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Belief-based Self-regulation Model to Improve Self-care in Type 2 Diabetes
Background: Poor self-care among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is often linked to inadequate self-regulation, leading to uncontrolled blood glucose and increased risk of complications. Significance: Addressing the psychological and behavioral dimensions of self-regulation is essential to improving outcomes in chronic disease management. Objectives: The specific objectives are to: 1) examine the effects of individual, social, and health-service factors on problem interpretation and emotional responses; 2) determine the mediating roles of health beliefs and coping strategies in the self-regulation process; 3) assess the overall impact of the belief-based self-regulation model on self-care behavior in patients with T2DM. Methods: A cross-sectional explanatory study was conducted on 150 T2DM patients with blood glucose levels >210 mg/dL, selected using multistage random sampling from health centers in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Data were collected using structured and validated questionnaires. The structural relationships between variables were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM–PLS). Limitations: The cross-sectional design limits the ability to infer causal relationships. Furthermore, the self-reported nature of the data may introduce response bias. Findings: Individual characteristics, social support, and health service factors significantly influenced both the interpretation of illness and emotional responses. These, in turn, affected belief formation, coping mechanisms, and ultimately self-care behaviors. Coping was found to be the strongest direct predictor of self-care. Implications: The study highlights the importance of integrating belief systems and emotional regulation into self-care interventions. The proposed model provides a comprehensive framework for health professionals to enhance self-care behaviors among T2DM patients through psychological, social, and health-system support.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nilawati Uly, Ratnasari Iskandar, Evawati Uly, Fadli, Dyah Tahir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Bridging the Gap: Assessing PrEP Uptake and HIV Prevention among At-Risk Populations in Malaysia
HIV remains a major public health concern in Malaysia, particularly among men who have sex with men, sex workers, and people who inject drugs. Although national prevalence is low (0.4%), new infections among individuals aged 18–39 are increasing, driven by sexual transmission. Since 2018, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been introduced, yet stigma, financial barriers, and cultural sensitivities hinder uptake. This narrative review analyses national data and literature to identify implementation challenges and propose solutions. Findings highlight the need for integrated primary care, subsidies, education, and community engagement to promote PrEP as both a preventive and health equity measure.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Rezuan Mohd Sauni, Wan Ismahanisa Ismail, Apriningsi, Rusnani Ab Latif https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Development, Validation and Effectiveness of Postnatal Care Module for Confinement Ladies: A concept paper
Postnatal care services provided by confinement ladies are available in many countries including Malaysia. With many modern treatments existing for postnatal mothers, midwives’ roles are complemented by confinement ladies. In addition to modern care for postnatal mothers, the confinement lady must know and understand the choice and type of self-care after childbirth. This knowledge is to increase the confinement ladies’ skills and self-efficacy to deliver appropriate postnatal care. This concept paper intends to provide a conceptual framework for evaluating the effectiveness of the Postnatal Care Module (PCM) in enhancing knowledge, skills, and self-efficacy among confinement ladies in delivering high-quality care.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mazriyana Md Kasim, Wan Ismahanisa Ismail, Maryam Farooqi, Parveen Azam Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Development and Efficacy of the Code Blue Simulation (CBS) Program in improving the Code Blue Response Time among Nurses
Background: Managing cardiorespiratory arrest is both high-pressure and vital; therefore, a Code Blue Simulation (CBS) program was designed to enhance response performance. Significance: Structured CBS training strengthens clinical judgment and critical thinking skills. Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of the CBS program. Methods: A mixed-method sequential explanatory approach was employed at Gleneagles JPMC, Brunei Darussalam. Limitation: The study was limited to a single institution, Gleneagles JPMC. Findings: Results indicated a significant positive relationship between participation in the CBS program and improved performance outcomes (p < 0.05). Implication: The program enhances both clinical performance and participant confidence, potentially improving patient survival and outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Rajaah Sayed Sultan, Rusnani Ab Latif, Zul’ Izzat Ikhwan Zaini, Henny Dwi Susanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Effectiveness of Celastrol in Reducing Inflammatory Cell Infiltration via H&E in the Liver of High-Fat Diet-Fed ApoE-Knockout Mice
High-fat diet (HFD) promotes liver inflammation by increasing infiltration of inflammatory cells. This study analyzed the effect of celastrol on hepatic inflammation in ApoE-knockout mice on HFD. Treatment with celastrol (1.5, 2, or 2.5 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks, followed by liver tissue staining with H&E. Quantification of infiltration areas was obtained with NDP.view 2 software and analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test. At the maximum dose (2.5 mg/kg), the inflammatory cell infiltration of the liver was significantly decreased in comparison with untreated HFD controls. These results justify the potential use of celastrol as an anti-inflammatory in diet-induced liver inflammation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Arifah Ahmad Damahuri, Thuhairah Hasrah Abdul Rahman, Yakoh Karemdabeh, Nasibah Azme https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Effects of a Structured Alternative Program on Maternal Satisfaction and Labor Duration in Primiparous Women
This study evaluated the effects of a Structured Alternative Program (SAP) on pain management and maternal satisfaction during childbirth. SAP involved non-pharmacological techniques aimed at reducing labour pain and enhancing the birth experience. A total of 127 primiparous mothers were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (SAP) or a control group (epidural). Findings showed that the experimental group experienced shorter durations in the first and second stages of labour and reported higher satisfaction. A negative correlation was found between labour duration and satisfaction. SAP offers a natural approach to pain relief, improving maternal confidence and overall childbirth experience.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hatifah Che Hussin, Rusnani Ab Latif, Wan Ismahanisa Ismail , Abd Nasir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Integration of ADDIE and Health Belief Model on drug and substance abuse prevention educational module (DSPEM): Conceptual paper
Drug and substance consumption among high school students continues to represent a significant public health issue in Malaysia, especially within identified high-risk zones. This conceptual paper outlines a theoretically grounded framework for developing a school-based drug and substance prevention education module. Central to the framework is the implementation of the Health Belief Model (HBM), which addresses key determinants of behaviour (perceived susceptibility, benefits, severity, barriers, cues of action, and self-efficacy) in shaping preventive knowledge and practices. These elements are strategically mapped onto the ADDIE instructional design model to produce a structured and impactful intervention tailored for secondary school students.
Copyright (c) 2025 Santa Khairiah, Shariff Halim, Zul ‘Izzat Ikhwan Zaini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Interprofessional Strategy using Stress Management Telemonitoring for reducing Self-Stigma of Tuberculosis
This study proposes to investigate the impact of stress management due to self-stigma in Tuberculosis using interprofessional collaboration. Intervention applied by the medical and nurse professional students. A total of 36 respondents were investigated for their level of self-stigma, given information, and demonstrated stress management, then follow-ups for one month via WhatsApp platform, a total of 8 sessions. Self-stigma of Tuberculosis was measured before and after the intervention. The paired t-test showed -4.772 and a probability of 0.0001. Interprofessional collaboration might have implications for the education of medical and nurse professional students.
Copyright (c) 2025 Arum Pratiwi, Agustaria Budinugroho, Warih Andan Puspitosari, Marisa Krairiksh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Key Elements enhancing Motivation in People with Schizophrenia
This study explores key motivational elements that enhance participation in rehabilitation activities among individuals with schizophrenia in institutional settings. Using a meta-inference approach, data from a scoping review and interviews with patients, occupational therapists, and healthcare providers were synthesised. Eight core elements were identified: autonomy and choice, structure, relatedness, meaningful activity, variety, reinforcement, relevance, and feedback. These findings support the design of patient-centred interventions grounded in CBT, SDT, and SET. While limited to institutional settings, the study offers practical insights for improving engagement, and recovery outcomes and guiding future mental health programs and policy development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nur Ain Zainal Kharib, Akehsan Dahlan , Syamsul Anwar Sultan Ibrahim, Andriani Pratiwi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Mental Health in Transition: A bibliometric perspective in mapping the evolving landscape
This study aims to provide a systematic bibliometric analysis of 9525 Scopus documents on mental health from 2020 to 2025, focusing on its development within the social sciences. Utilizing Bibliomagika for network and trend analysis, the findings highlight a significant growth in mental health research, driven by digital transformation and exacerbated by COVID-19, which has globally intensified mental health issues. The analysis emphasizes emerging research interests. This comprehensive approach aims to guide and assist in establishing future direction by emphasizing its evolution and literature gaps, thereby contributing to a more structured and multidisciplinary understanding of mental health issues.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fatin Athirah Mohd Fazi, Fadzlan Sufian, Siti Nurul Akma Ahmad, Nurul Amyra Mat Isa, Siti Mariam Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Patient Beliefs and Motivations for Adopting Biologically-based Therapies in Thalassemia Management in Malaysia
Herbs, vitamins, and supplements mitigate chronic conditions like thalassaemia, a genetic blood disorder that compromises mental and physical health. These rituals are prevalent; yet, the reasons of Malaysian thalassaemia patients remain ambiguous. We evaluated healthcare accessibility, motivations, perceived benefits, and the interactions between physicians and nurses among 390 individuals in Northern Malaysia. The figures indicate that individuals employ it for its health benefits, cultural beliefs, and preference for traditional remedies. Patients rarely engage in communication with clinicians. Healthcare providers and patients must understand each other's cultural situations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Wan ismahanisa Ismail, Nurdiana Zainuddin, Rusnani Ab Latif, Dwi Wahyu Idriati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Understanding of Al-Daruriyat Principles for Dialysis Treatment of End-Stage Renal Failure
Some patients refuse to undergo dialysis treatment because they are not ready and think negatively about the treatment. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the level of understanding of dialysis treatment from the perspective of Al-Daruriyat using qualitative methods, including interview sessions among Muslim patients in Johor Bahru District, Johor, who started dialysis treatment from 2020 to 2024, and library studies. The results of the study found three different categories of understanding, namely coercion by family members, openness to one's own heart, and submission to fate alone. This study shows the extent of the understanding of dialysis treatment according to the principles of Al-Daruriyat. This study shows that patient understanding needs to be improved to ensure that treatment sessions run smoothly.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohd Huefiros Efizi Husain, Mohd Ali Muhamad Don, Mohd Farhan Ahmad, Noraishah P. Othman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Visualizing Atherosclerotic Burden in ApoE-/- Mice Treated with Multiple Doses of Celastrol via ORO en face Staining
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease marked by lipid accumulation in large arteries, leading to cardiovascular disease and stroke. The ApoE⁻/⁻ mouse is widely used to study plaque development and test interventions. This study aimed to assess the anti-atherosclerotic effect of celastrol using standardized Oil Red O (ORO) en face staining. ApoE⁻/⁻ mice (n=24) on a high-fat diet were treated with varying doses of celastrol. ORO en face staining revealed significant plaque reduction in celastrol-treated groups. These findings suggest that celastrol may attenuate plaque development and warrant further mechanistic research to support its clinical translation in atherosclerosis treatment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurin Yasmin Mohd Khairudin, Suhaila Abd Muid, Ilham Chenu, Nasibah Azme https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Analysis of Factors causing Work Accidents in the Production Process at the Blitar Plywood Factory
This study analyses the factors causing work accidents of 89 workers in the production process of the Plywood factory. Using a quantitative, analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach. The study revealed a significant relationship between knowledge of PPE and workplace accidents in plywood factories (ρ = 0.027). Meanwhile, other variables like education level, age, gender, and length of service did not have a significant relationship with workplace accidents. This study was focused on worker behaviour, so it did not examine environmental and equipment factors. The results of this study can be used to improve the socialisation of using PPE.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nafilatul Fitri , Panca Aprilia Kusnanda , Fariz Zuvil Arganata , Ani Asriani Basri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Compliance Level and Factors influencing Adherence to Standard Precautions Practices among Nurses
This study assessed compliance with Standard Precautions (SPs) among 155 nurses at a public hospital Perak, using a cross-sectional design and convenience sampling. The Compliance with Standard Precaution Scale (CSPS) and Factors Influencing Adherence to Standard Precautions Scale (FIASPS) were used. Results showed 59.4% were compliant, while 32.9% had suboptimal compliance. Job position and education significantly influenced adherence, with lower-ranking nurses and those with lower qualifications showing higher compliance. All five FIASPS categories positively impacted adherence. As the study relied on self-reported data, future research should include qualitative methods. Findings highlight the need for strategies to strengthen SP compliance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Editor- in-Chief; Norsuraya Hassan, Umi Far-Ain Zulkapli, Siti Munirah Abdul Wahab, Nizuwan Azman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Impact of Supplementation Rich in CYP2E1 Enzyme and Decarboxylase Enzyme on improvement of Leukocyte Values
This study explores the effects of enzyme supplementation (rich in CYP2E1 and decarboxylase) on leukocyte levels among 27 home-based shoe industry workers exposed to benzene in Tambak Osowilangun, Surabaya. Using a quantitative pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design, leukocyte counts were assessed before and after five days of supplementation. Results showed a significant improvement, with abnormal leukocyte levels dropping from 59% to 7%. Although limited by a small sample size and lack of a control group, the findings highlight the potential benefits of enzymatic intervention and underscore the need for health-based strategies to reduce occupational risks in informal sectors.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ritwan Agus Prasetyo, Abdul Rohim Tualeka, Alkaf Mu’nis Bahsin, Juliana Jalaludin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Theory-based Reflective Practice for Intensive Care Unit Nurses: A study protocol
Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses are exposed to stressful environments, which can lead to diminished professional fulfilment and a lower quality of life. Reflective practice is a valuable tool for coping strategy but remains underexplored. This study aims to determine the effects of an eight-week theory-based reflective practice intervention structured using C-A-R-E framework on stress levels, professional fulfilment and quality of life among ICU nurses. This quasi-experimental study involves 100 ICU nurses from Klang Valley public hospitals. The data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression and mixed-design ANOVA.
Copyright (c) 2025 Editor- in-Chief; Nor Farahin Gapar , Siti Khuzaimah Ahmad Sharoni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Work Family Conflict on Individual Work Performance among Female Laundry Workers in Pontianak City, Indonesia
Women managing concurrent work and family responsibilities often experience substantial role-related pressures. This study examines the influence of Work-Family Conflict on Individual Work Performance, with income and work period assessed as moderating variables. Cross-sectional design, data were collected from 115 female laundry workers in Pontianak City, Indonesia, and analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modelling. The results show that Work-Family Conflict influences performance solely through the Counterproductive Work Behavior dimension, with income weakening and work period strengthening. The limited sample size represents a key constraint, indicating the need for broader and more diverse future investigations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nur Aini Fitri, Indriati Paskarini, Dayinta Annisa Syaiful, Nur Faizah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Work-related Influences on Knowledge and Practice of Exclusive Breastfeeding among Postnatal Mothers
This study examines the knowledge and practices of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and their relationship with work-related factors among 152 working mothers at Hospital Pakar Universiti Sains Malaysia (HPUSM). Conducted in September 2023 using a self-administered questionnaire, findings showed 75.7% had excellent EBF knowledge and 59.9% had excellent practice. No significant associations were found between EBF practice and work hours, maternity leave, or the use of private rooms. However, refrigerator availability was significantly linked to better EBF practice. The study highlights the need for improved workplace support, including lactation facilities and education on milk handling, to enhance breastfeeding among working mothers.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hasni Embong, Nur Hanim Natasha Mohd Rosdi, Norhasmah Mohd Zain, Rusnani Ab Latif https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Work-related Musculoskeletal and Psychological Disorders among Rehabilitation Professionals
This study is to investigate the relationship between work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) and psychological status among rehabilitation professionals at the University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC). A previous study on nurses reported that 97.3% had WMSDs and 44.3% had psychological stress (Krishnan et al., 2021). A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to July 2024 involving 140 participants from six healthcare professions. Data were collected using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). High prevalence of WMSDs was reported, particularly in the lower back, shoulders, and neck, along with notable depression and stress levels. Positive but non-significant correlations were found between WMSDs and Psychological distress, emphasizing the need for targeted occupational health interventions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohamad Hafiz Abu Seman, Safwah Marini Ahmad Darus, Nurshazana Akmal Jamaludin, Sakinah Rasli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Reliability and Clinical Utility of the DIMAS Tool for Assessing Physical Difficulty in Muslim Prayer among Frail Older Adults
Frail older Muslims often struggle with Salah due to musculoskeletal issues, yet culturally tailored assessment tools are lacking. The Difficulty in Performing Physical Movements in Muslim Prayer (DIMAS) objectively evaluates physical challenges during prayer. This cross-sectional study assessed DIMAS’s reliability and clinical utility, analyzing internal consistency, test-retest reliability, Minimal Detectable Change (MDC), and Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID). Results showed excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.98), with MDC = 1.17 and MCID = 1.57. Internal consistency was low (α = 0.43), likely reflecting its multidimensional scope. DIMAS is reliable, clinically meaningful tool for assessing Salah-related physical limitations in frail older Muslims, aiding culturally sensitive care.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurul Iryanie Nasieha Nisa, Akehsan Dahlan, Zawawi Temyati, Muhammad Hidayat Sahid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
What Is the Current Landscape and Future Direction of Frailty Research?
Frailty is a significant concern in geriatrics, associated with increased risks of disability, hospitalization, and mortality in older adults. This bibliometric analysis examined 171 peer-reviewed articles from 2003 to 2025 using VOSviewer and Bibliometric to identify major research trends, thematic clusters, and emerging directions in frailty parameter studies. Four key clusters emerged: mobility and gait, muscle biomarkers, clinical assessment tools, and intervention strategies. The findings reflect a growing interdisciplinary focus and highlight the need for culturally adapted research in low- and middle-income countries to support improved health outcomes and targeted policies for aging populations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahirah Kamaron, Azliyana Azizan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Healthcare Management Issues in Nursing Practice during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Malaysian Context
The COVID-19 pandemic imposed critical challenges on Malaysia’s healthcare system, placing immense pressure on nurses. This study investigates key nursing management issues, including work overload, psychological stress, and adaptation to frequently changing SOPs. Nurses faced urgent demands for critical care with limited resources, inadequate rest, and continuous use of PPE. The sudden implementation of COVID-19 wards and evolving clinical guidelines led to a chaotic work environment. The study aims to examine changes in work practices, nurse adaptability, patient care strategies, and required expertise in managing COVID-19 cases, ultimately offering insights to strengthen nursing management in future public health crises.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jamilah Shaari , Norliza Hussin, Rusnani Ab Latif, Mohd Roslan Rosnon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0