Windstorm Resilient Rural Housing: Lessons learned in Temerloh, Malaysia

Foong Sin Lam; Jer Vui Lee; Yeok Meng Ngeow

doi:10.21834/e-bpj.v4i12.1817

Authors

Foong Sin Lam Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman
Jer Vui Lee Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman
Yeok Meng Ngeow Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i12.1817

Keywords:

Rural housing, Windstorm, Resilience, Malaysia

Abstract

In 2019 alone, Temerloh district located in central Peninsular Malaysia has been hit by unpredictable wind storms in localised areas which damaged more than 185 rural homes.Â This research set out to assess the structural vulnerabilities of damaged rural houses to severe winds in Temerloh and lessons learned from windstorm damage through field surveys of damaged homes between March 2019-August 2019 and supplemented by district-level post-windstorm reconnaissance reports prepared by Malaysia Civil Defense Force (APM) and other information gathered from local government. Results indicate poor performance of structural and non-structural building components in resisting high wind loads due to inadequate design, under-strength of failed building materials and defective construction details. The results of this study could have important implications for government agencies, NGOs, builders, and engineers in assisting rural communities in reconstructing windproof resistant homes and planning for future windstorm risk management efforts specially catered to homeowners in Temerloh.

Keywords: Rural housing; Windstorm; Resilience; MalaysiaÂ

eISSN: 2398-4287 Â© 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peerâ€“review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i12.1817

References

ATC (Applied Technology Council). (1989a). Field Manual: Post-earthquake Safety Evaluation of Buildings Detailed evaluation safety assessment form. ATC-20. Redwood City, CA: ATC. ATC (Applied Technology Council).

ATC (Applied Technology Council). 2004. Field Manual: Safety Evaluation of Buildings after Windstorm and Floods. ATC-45. Redwood City, CA: ATC. ATC (Applied Technology Council).

Bastaminia, A., Rezaei, M. R., & Saraei, M. H. (2017). Evaluating the components of social and economic resilience: After two large earthquake disasters Rudbar 1990 and Bam 2003. JÃ mbÃ¡: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, 9(1), 1-12.

Chik, F. W., Majid, T. A., & Zakaria, S. A. S. (2019, February). Expert awareness of wind disaster risk reduction in Northern Peninsular Malaysia. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 244, No. 1, p. 012018). IOP Publishing.

Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia (CIDB). Quality assurance for prefabricated steel roof truss system. (2009). Retrieved from http://www.cidb.gov.my/images/content/pdf/cis/cis12.pdf

Deraman, S. N. C., Majid, T. A., Zaini, S. S., Yahya, W. N. W., Abdullah, J., & Ismail, M. A. (2019, February). Numerical investigation on the air flow characteristics of a core house with the presence of kitchen house using computational fluid dynamics. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 244, No. 1, p. 012030). IOP Publishing.

He, J., Pan, F., & Cai, C. S. (2017). A review of wood-frame low-rise building performance study under hurricane winds. Engineering Structures, 141, 512-529.

International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent societies â€“ Shelter Research Unit (IFCR-SRU). How to build safe roofs with corrugated galvanized iron (CGI) sheeting. (2017). Retrieved from https://www.sheltercluster.org/sites/default/files/docs/ifrc-sru_cgi-roofing_manual_e-version_high-res.pdf

Lotay, Y., & Center, A. D. R. (2015). Wind Induced Damage to Roofs and Mitigations: A Comparative Study on Roofs in Bhutan and Japan.

Majid, T. A., Ramli, N. I., Ali, M. I., Saad, M. S. H., Hashim, M., and Zakaria, I. 2010 Malaysia Country Report 2010.

Marshall, T. P., Bunting, W. F., & Weithorn, J. D. (2003). 2.1 PROCEDURE FOR ASSESSING WIND DAMAGE TO WOOD-FRAMED RESIDENCES.

Zisis, I., Raji, F., & Candelario, J. D. (2016). Large-scale wind tunnel tests of canopies attached to low-rise buildings. Journal of Architectural Engineering, 23(1), B4016005.

Mohd, T., Saraf, M. H. M., Pin, S. F. B. C., & Hasbullah, M. N. (2016). Designing the invention house assessment form for Kuala Krai, Malaysia. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 234, 317-325.

Mohit, M. A., & Sellu, G. M. (2017). Development of Non-structural Flood Mitigation Policies and Measures for Pekan town, Malaysia. Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies, 2(6), 9-20.

Muhammad, M. K. A., Majid, T. A., Ramli, N. I., Deraman, S. N. C., Chik, W., & Alwani, F. (2015). An Overview of Nonâ€“Engineered Buildings Roofing System failure under Wind Loads. In Applied Mechanics and Materials (Vol. 802, pp. 89-94).

Nor, M., & Bin, M. F. F. (2018). Understanding the development of inter-monsoon convective storms over the Western Peninsular Malaysia (Doctoral dissertation, University of Reading).

Ramli, N. I., Majid, T. A., Chik, F. W., Muhammad, M. K. A., & Deraman, S. C. (2014). Assessment of pull-through failure of nail connection for rural roofing system under wind load in Malaysia. Journal of Civil Engineering Research, 4, 135-137.

Rossetto, T., Kappos, A. J., Kouris, L. A., Indirli, M., Borg, R. P., Lloyd, T. O., & Sword-Daniels, V. (2010). Comparison of damage assessment methodologies for different natural hazards. Urban habitat constructions under catastrophic events (Proceedings).

Taranath, B. S. (2009). Reinforced concrete design of tall buildings. CRC press.

Trans Tech Publications.Petty, S. E. (Ed.). (2017). Forensic engineering: Damage assessments for residential and commercial structures. CRC Press.

Walsh, B. J., & Hallegatte, S. (2019). Measuring Natural Risks in the Philippines: Socioeconomic Resilience and Wellbeing Losses.

Wan Chik, F. A., Ramli, N. I., Muhammad, M. K. A., & Majid, T. A. (2013). THE EFFECT OF WIND LOAD ON RURAL ROOFING SYSTEM.

Yahya, W. N. W., Zaini, S. S., Majid, T. A., Ismail, M. A., Deraman, S. N. C., & Abdullah, J. (2019, February). Numerical investigation on the effects of wind direction to the air flow characteristics surrounding an isolated rural house. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 244, No. 1, p. 012031). IOP Publishing.

Yamane, Y., Kiguchi, M., Hayashi, T., Dewan, A., & Terao, T. (2013). Characteristics of damages of severe local storms based on field surveys in Bangladesh. Journal of Disaster Research, 8(6), 1052-1053.

Zaini, S. S., Majid, T. A., Deraman, S. N. C., Chik, F. A. W., & Muhammad, M. K. A. (2017). Post Windstorm Evaluation of Critical Aspects Causing Damage to Rural Houses in the Northern Region of Peninsular Malaysia. In MATEC Web of Conferences (Vol. 103, p. 03016). EDP Sciences.