Indoor Air Quality and Perceived IAQ Symptoms at Small and Medium Food Enterprises in Malaysia

Authors

  • Nur Ainul Shuhada Mokhtar Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Kampus Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
  • Mohamad Azhar Mohd Noor Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Kampus Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
  • Corie Indria Prasasti Environmental Health Department, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
  • Siti Nurshahida Nazli Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Kampus Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia & The University of Queensland, Child Health Research Centre, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v10i31.6496

Keywords:

Indoor air quality, Perceived IAQ symptoms, SME food industries, carbon dioxide

Abstract

Workers in SME food industries are exposed to emissions from cooking processes that cause adverse health effects. This study evaluated the association of IAQ parameters in SME food industries with perceived IAQ symptoms. The most reported symptoms were fatigue, heavy-headedness, and headache. The study revealed significant associations between CO2 with fatigue symptoms (p = 0.0340), temperature with itching or burning eyes (p = 0.0111), and humidity with hoarse or dry throat symptom (p = 0.0013). The findings underscore the importance of addressing IAQ in SMEs cooking food industries to improve workers’ health and working conditions.

Published

2025-01-23

How to Cite

Mokhtar, N. A. S., Mohd Noor, M. A., Prasasti, C. I., & Nazli, S. N. (2025). Indoor Air Quality and Perceived IAQ Symptoms at Small and Medium Food Enterprises in Malaysia. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal, 10(31). https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v10i31.6496