Empowering Mathematics Teachers as Agents of Change: Developing a readiness model through Fuzzy Delphi insights

Sharida Abu Talib; Nurfaradilla Mohamad Nasri; Muhammad Sofwan Mahmud

doi:10.21834/e-bpj.v10iSI33.7075

Authors

Sharida Abu Talib Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
Nurfaradilla Mohamad Nasri Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
Muhammad Sofwan Mahmud Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v10iSI33.7075

Keywords:

Readiness Model, Agents of Change, Fuzzy Delphi, Mathematics

Abstract

This study developed a model of mathematics teachers' readiness as agents of change using the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM). Thirteen experts validated the main components and elements of the model, derived from an extensive literature review. The results demonstrated that the proposed model matched the requirements and attained a high degree of expert consensus. In the analysis conducted, four primary components were identified, namely mathematics teacher readiness, professional knowledge, pedagogical skills, and teaching and learning. This model can serve as a guide and reference for mathematics teachers to make improvements in their education, ultimately enhancing the quality of their teaching.

References

Abdullah, N. N. N. N., Nasri, N. N. M., Harun, N. M. F., & Misman, N. J. (2025). Application of Fuzzy Delphi Method for Cross-Cultural Corporate Identity Curriculum Model Design Development. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal, 10(SI30), 25–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v10iSI30.6874

Almashhour, R., & Alzaatreh, A. (2025). Identifying Building Structure Factors For Urban Heat Mitigation: A Hybrid Methodology Using Fuzzy Delphi Method and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 44(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14786451.2025.2457377

Al-Rikabi, Y. K., & Montazer, G. A. (2023). Designing An E-Learning Readiness Assessment Model For Iraqi Universities Employing Fuzzy Delphi Method. Education and Information Technologies, 29(2), 2217–2257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11889-0

Chang, P., Hsu, C., & Chang, P. (2011). Fuzzy Delphi Method for Evaluating Hydrogen Production Technologies. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 36(21), 14172–14179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.05.045

Cheng, C., & Lin, Y. (2002). Evaluating The Best Main Battle Tank Using Fuzzy Decision Theory with Linguistic Criteria Evaluation. European Journal of Operational Research, 142(1), 174–186. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(01)00280-6

Chirinda, B., & Barmby, P. (2018). South African Grade 9 Mathematics Teachers’ Views on The Teaching of Problem Solving. African Journal of Research in Mathematics Science and Technology Education, 22(1), 114–124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/18117295.2018.1438231

Chu, H., & Hwang, G. (2007). A Delphi-Based Approach to Developing Expert Systems with The Cooperation of Multiple Experts. Expert Systems with Applications, 34(4), 2826–2840. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2007.05.034

Fullan, M. (2007). Change theory as a force for school improvement. In Springer eBooks (pp. 27–39). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6022-9_3

Gess-Newsome, J., Taylor, J. A., Carlson, J., Gardner, A. L., Wilson, C. D., & Stuhlsatz, M. A. M. (2017). Teacher Pedagogical Content Knowledge, Practice, And Student Achievement. International Journal of Science Education, 41(7), 944–963. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2016.1265158

Hsieh, T., Lu, S., & Tzeng, G. (2004). Fuzzy MCDM Approach for Planning and Design Tender Selection in Public Office Buildings. International Journal of Project Management, 22(7), 573–584. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2004.01.002

Jarrah, A. M. (2020). The Challenges Faced by Pre-Service Mathematics Teachers during their Teaching Practice in the UAE: Implications for Teacher Education Programs. International Journal of Learning Teaching and Educational Research, 19(7), 23–34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.7.2

Jarrah, A. M., Fayez, K., Almarashdi, H., & Fidalgo, P. (2024). Enhancing Mathematics Education in the UAE: Elementary Teachers’ Views on Distance Education Methods. Contemporary Educational Technology, 16(3), ep516. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/14714

Koskinen, R., & Pitkäniemi, H. (2022). Meaningful Learning in Mathematics: A Research Synthesis of Teaching Approaches. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 17(2), em0679. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/11715

Lewis, S. (2015). Qualitative Inquiry And Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. Health Promotion Practice, 16(4), 473–475. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839915580941

Livy, S., Muir, T., Trakulphadetkrai, N. V., & Larkin, K. (2021). Australian Primary School Teachers' Perceived Barriers to And Enablers for The Integration of Children’s Literature in Mathematics Teaching and Learning. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 26(1), 5–26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10857-021-09517-0

Martinez, C. (2022). Developing 21st-Century Teaching Skills: A Case Study of Teaching and Learning Through Project-Based Curriculum. Cogent Education, 9(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2021.2024936

Noh, N. M., Siraj, S., Halili, S. H., Jamil, M. R. M., & Husin, Z. (2019). Aplikasi Teknik Fuzzy Delphi Terhadap Keperluan Elemen Teknologi Sebagai Wadah dalam Pembelajaran Berasaskan Pemikiran Reka Bentuk. Asia Pacific Journal of Educators and Education, 34, 129–151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21315/apjee2019.34.7

Pourdavood, R. G., & Song, X. (2021). Engaging Pre-Service and In-Service Teachers in Online Mathematics Teaching and Learning: Problems and Possibilities. International Journal of Learning Teaching and Educational Research, 20(11), 96–114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.20.11.6

Probosari, R. M., Utami, B., & Widyastuti, F. (2021). Teacher’s Candidate Readiness and Beliefs in Teaching STEM: Formulating the Best Strategy in Scientific Communication. Journal of Physics Conference Series, 1842(1), 012011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1842/1/012011

Rasit, R. M., Ashaari, M. F., Osman, K., Suyurno, S. S., Sharif, E. a. M., Muslim, M. A., & Faizal, M. a. N. (2023). Expert Consensus on the Development of an Islamic Creative Media Model through the Fuzzy Delphi Method. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences (PJLSS), 21(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.57239/PJLSS-2023-21.2.025

Taba, H. (1962). Curriculum Development: Theory And Practice.

Talib, S. A., Nasri, N. M., & Mahmud, M. S. (2024). Evidence Of the Need for Developing an Integrated Model of Mathematics Teachers’ Readiness as Agents of Change. Journal of Education and e-Learning Research, 11(3), 557–567. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20448/jeelr.v11i3.5923

Talib, S. A., Nasri, N. M., & Mahmud, M. S. (2025). Experts' Teachers’ Point of View on Mathematics Teachers’ Readiness in Becoming Professional Teachers. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 19(2), 634–644. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v19i2.21857

Tracey, M. W. (2007). Design And Development Research: A Model Validation Case. Educational Technology Research and Development, 57(4), 553–571. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-007-9075-0

Uteuliyev, N., Madiyarov, N., Drobyshev, Y., & Azhibekov, K. (2023). Assessment Of the Readiness of Future Mathematics Teachers to Use Digital Educational Resources in The Study of Geometry in Kazakh Universities. European Journal of Contemporary Education, 12(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.13187/ejced.2023.2.667

Yean, A. S., & Rahim, S. S. A. (2021). Greening STEM: A Theoretical Exploration for The Malaysian Context. Journal of International Comparative Education, 10(1), 19–32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14425/jice.2021.10.1.1205

Yeh, N. L. H., Seng, N. W. Y., Yin, N. K. Y., Nor, N. N. M., Juan, N. W. M., Ling, N. L. H., & Zhiqiang, N. S. (2024). Defining The Collaborative-Constructivism Based Learning and Teaching Approach in Malaysian Primary Schools in Supporting the Hybrid Learning of Visual Arts Education: A Fuzzy Delphi Method Study. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 41(2), 62–81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.41.2.6281

Zulnaidi, H., Mafarja, N., Rahim, S. S. A., & Salleh, U. K. M. (2024). Ethical Mediation: The Influence of Mathematics Teachers' Cooperation on Readiness for The Industrial Revolution Era in Indonesia and Malaysia. Acta Psychologica, 243, 104-151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104151