Influence of Gadget Usage Behaviour on Exercise Motivation and Psychosocial Well-Being of Adolescents in West Sumatra

Endang Sepdanius; M. Adli Mohd Sidi; Nurul Diyana Sanuddin; Rini Afriani

doi:10.21834/e-bpj.v10iSI38.7652

Authors

Endang Sepdanius Faculty of Sport Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia; Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia
M. Adli Mohd Sidi Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia
Nurul Diyana Sanuddin Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia
Rini Afriani Faculty of Social Science, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v10iSI38.7652

Keywords:

Gadget use behaviour, exercise motivation, psychosocial well-being, adolescents

Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between gadget use, exercise motivation, and psychosocial well-being among 672 high school students in West Sumatra, Indonesia (aged 16–20). Using a cross-sectional design and PLS-SEM analysis, instruments measured gadget use (reliability 0.980), sport motivation (0.960), and psychosocial well-being (0.944). Results show gadget environment and negative impacts reduce motivation, while parental support increases it. Motivation strongly predicts psychosocial well-being (β = 0.750; f² = 1.900). The model explains 12.1% variance in motivation and 68.7% in well-being, with a good fit (SRMR = 0.065). Findings highlight parental support and digital control in enhancing adolescent health.

References

Alferez, M., Revalde, H., Opingo, K. M., Calansang, V., & Plando, D. (2025). Evaluating Effects of Electronic Gadgets on Learners’ Attention and Focus. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies, 7(9), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.32996/jhsss.2025.7.9.4

Arey, D. L., Blatt, A., & Gutman, T. (2022). A Self-Determination Theory and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-Based Intervention Aimed at Increasing Adherence to Physical Activity. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.935702

Arigo, D., Brown, M. M., Pasko, K., & Suls, J. (2020). Social Comparison Features in Physical Activity Promotion Apps: Scoping Meta-Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(3), e15642. https://doi.org/10.2196/15642

Bebeley, S. J., Foday, M. E., & Baio, M. S. (2021). Physical Activity Motivation of Adolescents: A Public Health Education Monitoring &Amp; Evaluation Investigation. International Journal of Physical Education Sports and Health, 8(6), 203–207. https://doi.org/10.22271/kheljournal.2021.v8.i6d.2318

Carter, B., Rees, P., Hale, L., Bhattacharjee, D., & Paradkar, M. S. (2016). Association Between Portable Screen-Based Media Device Access or Use and Sleep Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics, 170(12), 1202–1208. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.2341

Eccles, J. S., & Wigfield, A. (2024). Situated Expectancy–Value Theory: A Contemporary Update. Educational Psychologist, 59(2), 101–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2024.1234567

Hagger, M. S., & Hamilton, K. (2025). Reformulating the Theory of Planned Behavior: A Retrospective and Prospective Review. Health Psychology Review, 19(1), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2025.9876543

Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2024). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) (4 (ed.)). SAGE Publications.

Hamdi, M., & Gautama, M. I. (2024). Nomophobia di kalangan siswa pengguna smartphone SMA Negeri 1 Lembah Gumanti. Jurnal Perspektif, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.24036/perspektif.v7i1.764

Hamilton, K., Theodorakis, Y., & Hagger, M. S. (2024). Testing an Integrated Behavior Change Model for Parents’ Support of Their Adolescents’ Physical Activity. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 21(1), 42–55. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-024-01456-7

Hanifah, L., Nasrulloh, N., & Sufyan, D. L. (2023). Sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity among children in Indonesia. Children, 10(8), 1283. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10081283

Junaidi, J., Li, J., Arifani, Y., & Liu, Y. (2025). The Psychological Need Development Model Influences Students’ Intentions to Physical Activity. Retos, 67, 1146–1161. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v67.113527

Kemp, S. (2024). Digital 2024: Indonesia. DataReportal (We Are Social & Meltwater). https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2024-indonesia

Khan, S. R., Uddin, R., Mandic, S., & Khan, A. (2020). Parental and Peer Support are Associated with Physical Activity in Adolescents: Evidence from 74 Countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124435

Li, X., Su, S., Xiao, J., Yiru, Z., & Lin, D. (2021). Latent Profiles and Transition of Perceived Parental Control and Their Relationship With the Psychosocial Well‐being Among Rural‐to‐urban Migrant Adolescents. Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being, 13(3), 518–536. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12270

Misirli, A. (2025). The Impact of Touchscreen Digital Exposure on Children’s Social Development and Communication: A Systematic Review. Frontiers in Psychology, 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1613625

Recchia, F., Bernal, J. D. K. D., Fong, D. Y. T., & Siu, P. M. (2023). Physical Activity Interventions to Alleviate Depressive Symptoms in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics, 177(5), 434–446. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2799811

Stiglic, N., & Viner, R. (2019). Effects of Screentime on the Health and Well-Being of Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Reviews. BMJ Open, 9(1), e023191. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023191

Teixeira, P. J., Carraça, E. V, Markland, D., Silva, M. N., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Exercise, Physical Activity, and Self-Determination Theory: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9(1), 78. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-9-78

Thompson, D. A., Jimenez‐Zambrano, A., Ringwood, H., Tschann, J. M., & Clark, L. (2023). Parenting a Toddler in the Era of Pervasive Screens: Interviews With Low-Income Mexican American Parents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(8), 5461. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20085461

Yewale, P., Rathi, R., & Mate, S. (2024). Study to Evaluate the Comparative Efficacy of Medhya Rasayana (Pharmacological) Versus Nonpharmacological Interventions in Management of Gadget Addiction in Children: Protocol for Parallel, Triple-Arm, Randomized Clinical Trial. Jmir Research Protocols, 13, e51833. https://doi.org/10.2196/51833

Yusuf, R. A., Mont, D. F., Lin, W.-H., & Chen, H.-J. (2021). Adolescents’ physical activity and the association with perceived social support of parents and peers in Indonesia. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 33(4), 388–395. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539521997255

Zablotsky, B., Liu, G. Y., Rasberry, C. N., Dean, T., Massey, W. V, Hazzard, V. M., Lounsbery, M. A. F., Parker, H., Foti, K., Anchondo, I., Brooks, D. R., & Tovar, A. (2025). Screen time and physical activity associations with modifiable social and structural experiences among U.S. adolescents. Preventing Chronic Disease, 22, E109. https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd22.240359