Disaster Resilience and Human Behavior: Hospital Buildings in Malaysia

Authors

  • Nor Malyana Samsuddin Centre of Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
  • Roshana Takim Centre of Construction Management Studies,Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
  • Abdul Hadi Nawawi Centre of Estate Management Studies, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v1i1.205

Keywords:

Disaster Resilience, Hard and Soft Resilience, Hospital, Human Behaviour

Abstract

Hospitals are themselves vulnerable to numerous types of disasters and can get damaged risking the lives of human being. To a certain extent, despite of hard resilience (structural and non-structural), human behavior is one of the contributing factors affecting the hospital’s capability in achieving disaster resilience. Hence, the objectives of the paper are twofold: to explore human weaknesses; and to investigate strategies for achieving disaster resilience for existing public hospitals. Qualitative research techniques were employed in the form of focus group approach. The findings revealed that six human weaknesses and five strategies have been asserted by the respondents as of utmost critical.

References

Abdullah, A. (2014). Kuala Krai Hospital in darkness. Astro Awani.

Achour, N., Miyajima, M., Pascale, F., & Price, A. D. F. (2014). Hospital resilience to natural hazards: classification and performance of utilities. Disaster Prevention and Management, 23(1), 40–52. doi:10.1108/DPM-03-2013-0057 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-03-2013-0057

Achour, N., & Price, A. D. F. (2010). Resilience strategies of healthcare facilities: present and future. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 1(3), 264–276. doi:10.1108/17595901011080869 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17595901011080869

Albanese, J., Birnbaum, M., Cannon, C., Cappiello, J., Chapman, E., Paturas, J., & Smith, S. (2008). Fostering disaster resilient communities across the globe through the incorporation of safe and resilient hospitals for community-integrated disaster responses. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 23(5), 385–90. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19189606 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X00006105

Bostan, C.-G. (2015). Focus-group Research on Modern Techniques and Multimedia Tools Implementation in Teaching Practice. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 180, 1444–1450. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.291 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.291

Bruneau, M., Chang, S. E., Eguchi, R. T., Lee, G. C., O’Rourke, T. D., Reinhorn, A. M., … von Winterfeldt, D. (2003). A Framework to Quantitatively Assess and Enhance the Seismic Resilience of Communities. Earthquake Spectra, 19(4), 733–752. doi:10.1193/1.1623497 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1623497

Carthey, J., Chandra, V., & Loosemore, M. (2008). Assessing the Adaptive Capacity of Hospital Facilities to Cope with Climate-Related Extreme Weather Events : A Risk Management Approach. In Procs 24th Annual ARCOM Conference, 1-3 September 2008, Cardiff, UK, Association of Researchers in Construction Management (pp. 1145–1154).

Che-Mohd-Hashim, J. A., & Musa, R. (2014). Factors Influencing Attitude towards Halal Cosmetic among Young Adult Urban Muslim Women: A Focus Group Analysis. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 130, 129–134. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.016

Cimellaro, G. P., Reinhorn, A. M., & Bruneau, M. (2010). Seismic resilience of a hospital system. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 6(1-2), 127–144. doi:10.1080/15732470802663847 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15732470802663847

Cojocaru, D. (2003). Focus group - social research technique. Journal of Research and Social Intervention, 3.

Fiksel, J. (2003). Designing Resilient, Sustainable Systems. Environmental Science and Technology, 37(23), 5330–5339. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/es0344819

Guest, G., Bunce, A., & Johnson, L. (2006). How Many Interviews Are Enough?: An Experiment with Data Saturation and Variability. Field Methods, 18(1), 59–82. doi:10.1177/1525822X05279903 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X05279903

Haigh, R., & Amaratunga, D. (2010a). An integrative review of the built environment discipline ’ s role in the development of society ’ s resilience to disasters, 1(1), 11–24. doi:10.1108/17595901011026454

Haigh, R., & Amaratunga, D. (2010b). An integrative review of the built environment discipline’s role in the development of society's resilience to disasters. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 1(1), 11–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17595901011026454

Hang-Soon, M. (2012). Ipoh Hospital ceiling collapses. In Press Conference Wednesday, October 31, 2012, Ipoh. Astro Awani.

Hotchkin, D. L., & Rubinson, L. (2008). Modified Critical Care and Treatment Space Considerations for Mass Casualty Critical Illness and Injury. Respiratory Care, 53(1), 67–77.

http://www.collinsdictionary.com. (2015). Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved September 28, 2015, from http://www.collinsdictionary.com

Ismail, A., Jamil, A. T., Rahman, A. F. A., Madihah Jannatul, Bakar, A., Natrah, M. S., & Hussain, S. (2010). The Implementation Of Hospital Information System ( HIS ) In Tertiary Hospitals In Malaysia : A Qualitative Study. Malaysian Journal of Public Health, 10(2), 16–24.

Malalgoda, C., Amaratunga, D., & Haigh, R. (2014). Challenges in Creating a Disaster Resilient Built Environment. Procedia Economics and Finance, 18, 736–744. doi:10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00997-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00997-6

Moench, M. (2009). Adapting to Climate Change and the Risks associated with Other Natural Hazards: Methods for Moving from Concepts to Action. The Earthscan Reader on Adaptation to Climate Change, 249–280.

Mohammad-Idrose, A. (2014). Disaster Resilient Hospital. In Keynote Speaker at Disaster and Business Continuity Management Seminar, June, 24 2014, OIA Multipurpose Hall, UiTM Shah Alam.

Morse, J. (1994). Designing funded qualitative research. In Handbook for qualitative research (pp. 220–35).

National Association of Public Hospitals and Health System (NAPH). (2007). Hospital Staffing and Surge Capacity During a Disaster Event. Research Brief.

National Audit Department Malaysia. (2013). Auditor General’s Report Federal 2013.

Neil, B. (1986). Developing an understanding of disaster. Journal of Sociology, 22(2), 254–271. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/144078338602200206

O’ Keefe, P., Westgate, K., & Wisner, B. (1976). Taking the naturalness out of natural disasters. Nature, 260(1), 566–567. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/260566a0

Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). (2000). Principles of Disaster Mitigation in Health Facilities.

Peterson, D. M., & Perry, R. W. (1999). The impacts of disaster exercises on participants. Disaster Prevention and Management, 8(4), 241–255. doi:10.1108/09653569910283879 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09653569910283879

Phalkey, R., Dash, S. R., Mukhopadhyay, A., Runge-Ranzinger, S., & Marx, M. (2012). Prepared to react? Assessing the functional capacity of the primary health care system in rural Orissa, India to respond to the devastating flood of September 2008. Global Health Action, 5, 1–10. doi:10.3402/gha.v5i0.10964 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v5i0.10964

Proag, V. (2014). Assessing and Measuring Resilience. Procedia Economics and Finance, 18, 222–229. doi:10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00934-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00934-4

Proudlove, N. C., Gordon, K., & Boaden, R. (2003). Can good bed management solve the overcrowding in accident and emergency departments ? Emergency Medicine Journal, 20, 149–156. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.20.2.149

Quarantelli, E. L., & Perry, R. W. (2005). A social science research agenda for the disasters of the 21st century: theoretical, methodological, and empirical issues and their professional implementation. What Is a Disaster? New Answers to Old Questions, 325–396.

Ranjan, E. S., & Abenayake, C. C. (2014). A Study on Community’s Perception on Disaster Resilience Concept. Procedia Economics and Finance, 18, 88–94. doi:10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00917-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00917-4

Rockenschaub, G., & Harbou, K. V. (2013). Disaster resilient hospitals: An essential for all-hazards emergency preparedness. World Hospitals and Health Services Journal of the International Hospital Federation Papers from the 38th IHF World Hospital Congress in Oslo, 49(4), 28–30.

Rose, A., & Liao, S.-Y. (2005). Modeling Regional Economic Resilience to Disasters: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis of Water Service Disruptions. Journal of Regional Science, 45(1), 75–112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-4146.2005.00365.x

Samsuddin, N. M., Takim, R., Nawawi, A. H., & Esa, M. R. (2015). Critical Components Contributing to Disaster Resilience Hospitals. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 9(7), 72–75.

Seguí-Mas, E., & Izquierdo, R. J. S. (2009). Studying the financial resources for agri-food industry and rural development: Description of human capital in credit unions through delphi analysis. Interciencia, 34(10), 718–724.

Smith, S. M., Gorski, J., & Vennelakanti, H. C. (2010). Disaster preparedness and response : a challenge for hospitals in earthquake-prone countries. International Journal Emergency Management. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEM.2010.037006

Subramaniam, S. (2013). Government springs into action following hospital ceiling collapse. In Press Conference Monday, September 30, 2013, Kuala Lumpur. Astro Awani.

Subramaniam, S. (2014a). Filth, neglect at hospitals spark uproar. In Press Conference Friday, January 10, 2014, Petaling Jaya. The Malay Mail.

Subramaniam, S. (2014b). Fire at KL Hospital control room. In Press Conference Thursday, February 6, 2014, Kuala Lumpur. The Sun Daily.

Subramaniam, S. (2014c). Hospital fire under probe. In Press Conference Sunday, January 13, 2014, Petaling Jaya. The Sun Daily.

Susil, J. (2013). Hospital fire causes malfunction to radiology equipment. In Press Conference Thursday, March 27, 2013, Kuching. Borneo Post.

Takim, R., Mohamed-Shaari, S., & Mohd-Nordin, R. (2013). Transparency Initiative (TI) for Enhancing Quality of Life: Behavioural Components that Lead to Corruption in Construction. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 101, 110–119. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.07.184 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.07.184

United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR). (2007). Terminology: basic terms of disaster risk reduction.

Voogd, H. (2004). Disaster prevention in urban environment. European Journal of Spatial Development, 12, 1–14.

Yahaya, H. (2015). Hospitals and clinics destroyed in floods estimated at RM281 mil. In Press Conference, Saturday, January 10, 2015, Butterworth. Astro Awani.

Yusof, F. (2014). Negligence May Be Root Cause of Fire, Death at Sarawak Hospital. In Press Conference Sunday, February, 16 2014, Sarawak General Hospital.

Zhong, S., Hou, X.-Y., Clark, M., Zhang, Y.-L., Wang, L., Xu, L.-Z., & Fitzgerald, G. (2014). Diasaster Resilience in tertiary hospitals: a cross sectional survey in Shandong Province, China. BMC Health Services Research, (14), 135–144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-14-135

Downloads

Published

2016-06-26

How to Cite

Samsuddin, N. M., Takim, R., & Nawawi, A. H. (2016). Disaster Resilience and Human Behavior: Hospital Buildings in Malaysia. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal, 1(1), 125–133. https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v1i1.205

Most read articles by the same author(s)