Taking up Digital Space: Moroccan women and visual agency on Instagram
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v10i33.7254Keywords:
Visual Self-framing, Agency, Decolonial Feminist Theory, Digital Public SpaceAbstract
This article examines how young Moroccan women utilize visual self-framing on Instagram to assert agency, challenge patriarchal constraints, and resist orientalist narratives through everyday visual practices. Grounded in decolonial feminist theory and based on a content analysis of 30 Instagram posts set in public and semi-public settings, the paper explores how ordinary female users construct agency and disrupt patriarchal and orientalist discourses through gaze, posture, clothing, spatial presence, and composition. These visual strategies position Instagram as a digital public space where Moroccan women engage in subtle, nonverbal acts of feminist resistance and self-assertion.
References
Abu-Lughod, L. (2015). Do Muslim Women Need Saving? Harvard University Press.
Atifi, H., & Touati, Z. (2020). Nouvelles Revendications Féministes et Médias Numériques. Contournement des Interdits Sociaux et Religieux en Tunisie et Maroc. ESSACHESS – Journal for Communication Studies, 13(1(25)), Article 1(25). https://www.essachess.com/index.php/jcs/article/view/485
Chadha, K., Steiner, L., Vitak, J., & Ashktorab, Z. (2020). Women’s Responses to Online Harassment. International Journal of Communication, 14(1), 239–257. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85093673495&partnerID=8YFLogxK
Chafai, H. (2020). Everyday gendered violence: Women’s experiences of and discourses on street sexual harassment in Morocco. The Journal of North African Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2020.1743184
El Idrissi Amiri, C., & Ghourdou, T. (2024). Beyond the Screen: Moroccan Women Crafting Digital Empowerment through Personal Branding in Social Media. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 12, 293–314. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2024.123021
Kemp, S. (2025, March 3). Digital 2025: Morocco. DataReportal – Global Digital Insights. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2025-morocco
Long, Z. (2023). The Gendered Gaze on Social Media: The Female Gaze as Rebellion. BCP Education & Psychology, 9, 45–51. https://doi.org/10.54691/bcpep.v9i.4607
Lugones, M. (2023). The Coloniality of Gender. In L. De Souza Lima, E. Otero Quezada, & J. Roth (Eds.), Feminisms in Movement: Theories and Practices from the Americas (pp. 35–58). transcript Verlag. https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783839461020-002/html?lang=en&srsltid=AfmBOooW8zGFtXMGsNntju4GvfaeZ650FDABUBw6gQA8wtGKsKYd0JLB
Mixsell, S. A. (2024). Gender-based violence in Morocco. Perspectives on Business and Economics, 42. https://doi.org/10.18275/pbe-v042-010
Mulvey, L. (1975). Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema. Screen, 16(3), 6–18. https://doi.org/10.1093/screen/16.3.6
Rhomari, D., & Mifdal, M. (2025). Female Influencers’ Self-presentation and Digital Leadership in Morocco: A Multimodal Discourse Analysis Approach to their Posted Content on Instagram. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation, 8, 44–52. https://doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2025.6.4.8
Said, E. W. (1978). Orientalism. Vintage Books Edition.
Tamunomiegbam, A., & Arinze, D. (2024). From Tradition to Transformation: Evolving Gender Norms in Contemporary Africa. American Journal of Public Policy and Administration, 9, 1–36. https://doi.org/10.47672/ajppa.2003
UN Women & Promundo-US. (2017). Understanding masculinities: Results from the International Men and Gender Equality Survey (IMAGES) - Middle East and North Africa; Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, and Palestine (S. El Feki, B. Heilman, & G. Barker, Eds.). UN Women & Promundo-US.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Imane Alqaraoui, Fatima-Zohra Iflahen

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.