Reframing Islamic Ethical Boundaries from Physical Khalwat to Digital Khalwat through Wahbah al-Zuhayli’s Tafsir al-Munir
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v10iSI37.7616Keywords:
Digital, Tafsir, Khalwat, EthicalAbstract
Digital communication has transformed interpersonal behaviour within Muslim societies. In this era, the growth of digital technologies now enables private interactions that mirror the ethical risks associated with khalwat, even without being physically close. This study aims to examine the prohibition of khalwat for application in digital dakwah as outlined in the Qur’an according to Wahbah al-Zuhayli’s Tafsir al-Munir. This study employs a qualitative methodology through analysis of Qur’anic verses and Tafsir al-Munir. The findings demonstrate that digital khalwat is ethically equivalent to physical khalwat and contributes to the development of Islamic digital ethics by providing practical guidance for digital interactions.
References
Ahmad, N., Ma, M. K., Abd. Rahman, S. F., Syed Mahmood, S. R., Muhamad@Razak, N. A., & Mohamad, S. N. A. (2025). The Islamic ethical principles and maqasid al-shariah to enhance digital competency among adolescents. UMRAN – Journal of Islamic and Civilizational Studies, 12(3), 101–117. https://doi.org/10.11113/umran2025.12n3.833
Al-Bukhari, M. (2015). Sahih al-Bukhari. Al-Maktabah al-‘Asriyyah.
Al-Nawawi, M. S. (1392 AH). Al-minhaj sharh sahih Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj (2nd ed.). Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-‘Arabi.
Al-Tirmidhi, M. I. (1996). Sunan al-Tirmidhi (2nd ed.). Dar al-Gharb al-Islami.
Al-Zuhayli, W. (2018). Al-tafsir al-munir fi al-‘aqidah wa al-shari‘ah wa al-manhaj (14th ed.). Dar al-Fikr.
Ghazali, M. R. (2011). 10 tokoh sarjana Islam paling berpengaruh (3rd ed.). PTS Publication & Distributors.
Ghazali, M. R. (2019). Shaykh Dr. Wahbah al-Zuhayli: Tokoh ensiklopedia Islam zaman moden. Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia.
Ismail, S. Z. (2016). The legal perspective of khalwat (close proximity) as a Shariah criminal offence in Malaysia. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 24(3), 905–917.
Jabali, O., Hamamra, B., & Mahamid, F. (2024). Modern relationships and social media: Exploring the digital dynamics of husband–wife interactions. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-04289-3
Jasmi, K. A. (2021). Metode pengumpulan data dalam penyelidikan kualitatif untuk pengajian Islam dan pendidikan Islam. Bengkel Reka Bentuk Penyelidikan Kualitatif dan Analisis, 5, 1–18.
Prayogi, A., Nasrullah, R., & Setiawan, S. (2025). The evolution of fiqh in the digital era: Challenges and adaptations in Islamic jurisprudence. Journal of Religion and Communication Studies, 2(1), 15–25. https://doi.org/10.61511/jorcs.v2i1.2025.1751
Shodiqoh, R. (2024). Digital ethics: Social media ethics in a contemporary Islamic perspective. Solo International Collaboration and Publication of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2(3), 215–226. https://doi.org/10.61455/sicopus.v2i03.153
Wahid, S. H. (2024). Exploring the intersection of Islam and digital technology: A bibliometric analysis. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.101085
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Hasif Mohamad, Abdul Hafiz Abdullah, Muhammad Dhiauddin Ahmad Termizi, Mohd Ismail Sulaiman, Siti Aisyah Johan, Zahin Mohamad Tahir
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
