Principles for Designing an Online Grammar Game: A Fuzzy Delphi Validation of Present Perfect and Present Perfect Progressive Tasks

Tengku Nazatul Shima Tengku Paris; Maimanah Samsuri; Ramlan Mustapha; Rasyidin

doi:10.21834/e-bpj.v11i35.7626

Authors

Tengku Nazatul Shima Tengku Paris Akademi Pengajian Bahasa, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pahang, Kampus Raub, Malaysia
Maimanah Samsuri Akademi Pengajian Bahasa, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pahang, Kampus Raub, Malaysia
Ramlan Mustapha Akademi Pengajian Islam Kontemporari, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pahang, Kampus Raub, Malaysia
Rasyidin STIT Ar-Raudlatul Hasanah Medan Sumatera Utara - Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v11i35.7626

Keywords:

Fuzzy Delphi, Grammar Learning, Theory of Variation

Abstract

The study examines how the Theory of Variation can guide the design of online grammar questions for teaching the Present Perfect and Present Perfect Progressive tenses. It shows how variation patterns can help learners notice the differences between the two forms. To assess the applicability of these principles, the study employed the Fuzzy Delphi Method with five experts. They rated each element, and the results showed strong agreement. The findings support the design of grammar tasks that are clear and grounded in theory, and the same method could be applied to other tense–aspect modules in future studies.

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