Deep Fake Technology in Media: A literature review

Abstract

With rapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI), deepfake technology can create highly realistic visual and audio media using deep learning and
generative adversarial networks (GANs). While beneficial in entertainment, education, and media production, it raises ethical, social, and security
concerns. This report outlines its evolution, technical mechanisms, and growing role in misinformation and disinformation. It examines misuse in
identity theft, political manipulation, propaganda, and defamation, and their impact on trust. It also reviews countermeasures such as AI detection,
watermarking, regulation, and awareness. A cross-disciplinary approach is essential to balance innovation with safeguards and ensure responsible
use.