Local Satisfaction as an Evaluation Framework for Co-Created Sustainable Tourism in Pangururan
Keywords:
Community-Based Tourism, Quality of Life (QoL), Monitoring of Sustainable Tourism, Social SustainabilityAbstract
This paper evaluates local satisfaction as an evaluation framework for co-created sustainable tourism in Pangururan, Lake Toba. A mixed-methods design combines a household survey of 355 residents with interviews and field observations to assess satisfaction with tourism impacts, participation and sustainable tourism development. Findings show moderate to high satisfaction with socio-economic and cultural outcomes, but only moderate satisfaction with participation and environmental management. Co-creation is strongest among organised community groups. The study highlights local satisfaction as a practical diagnostic tool for strengthening governance, inclusive benefit distribution, and environmental performance in emerging tourism destinations.
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