Service Culture of the Workforce in the Medical Tourism Industry: is Malaysia on Par With Thailand?

Authors

  • Herwina Rosnan Arshad Ayub Graduat Business School, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450. Shah Alam. Selangor. Malaysia
  • Norzayana Yusof Department of Postgraduate and Professional Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA. 40450. Shah Alam. Selangor. Malaysia
  • Sofian Shamsuddin Arshad Ayub Graduat Business School, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450. Shah Alam. Selangor. Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i11.1730

Keywords:

Medical Tourism, Private Healthcare, Service Culture, Service Providers’ Behaviour

Abstract

Despite the progressive revenue trend, service providers in Malaysia's medical tourism have been receiving numerous complaints. Hence, this article sets to illustrate the behaviour of the service providers by describing whether they met the expectations of medical tourists. This study conducted twelve in-depth interviews with private hospitals, doctors and healthcare facilitators. Through Atlas.ti version 8, this study unveils that Malaysia lacks behind Thailand in providing patient-centric hospital services. Due to the 'doctor shopping' behaviour and word-of-mouth between patients, the present situation may hamper the growth of this industry as patients could easily opt for alternative options for their treatments.

Keywords: Medical Tourism; Private Healthcare; Service Culture; Service Providers’ Behaviour

eISSN: 2398-4287© 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bsby e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i11.1730           

Author Biographies

Herwina Rosnan, Arshad Ayub Graduat Business School, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450. Shah Alam. Selangor. Malaysia

Coordinator, Strategic Management, 

Arshad Ayub Graduate Business School, 

Universiti Teknologi MARA. 

40450. Shah Alam. MALAYSIA

Norzayana Yusof, Department of Postgraduate and Professional Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA. 40450. Shah Alam. Selangor. Malaysia

Department of Postgraduate and Professional Studies,
Universiti Teknologi MARA.
40450. Shah Alam. Selangor

Sofian Shamsuddin, Arshad Ayub Graduat Business School, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450. Shah Alam. Selangor. Malaysia

Arshad Ayub Graduate Business School, 

Universiti Teknologi MARA. 

40450. Shah Alam. Selangor

References

Abd Manaf, N. H., Hussin, H., Jahn Kassim, P. N., Alavi, R., & Dahari, Z. (2015). Country perspective on medical tourism: the Malaysian experience. Leadership in Health Services, 28(1), 43-56.

Abd Mutalib, N. S., Soh, Y. C., Wong, T. W., Yee, S. M., Yang, Q., Murugiah, M. K., & Ming, L. C. (2017). Online narratives about medical tourism in Malaysia and Thailand: a qualitative content analysis. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 34(6), 821-832.

Abubakar, A. M., & Ilkan, M. (2016). Impact of online WOM on destination trust and intention to travel: A medical tourism perspective. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 5(3), 192-201.

Bansal, H. S., & Voyer, P. A. (2000). Word-of-mouth processes within a services purchase decision context. Journal of service research, 3(2), 166-177.

Brown, J. J., & Reingen, P. H. (1987). Social ties and word-of-mouth referral behavior. Journal of Consumer research, 14(3), 350-362.

Caruana, A. (2002). Service loyalty: The effects of service quality and the mediating role of customer satisfaction. European Journal of Marketing, 36(7/8), 811-828.

Chaniotakis, I. E., & Lymperopoulos, C. (2009). Service quality effect on satisfaction and word of mouth in the health care industry. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 19(2), 229-242.

Choi, W. A., Kim, H., & Lee, S.-C. (2018). Word-of-mouth in medical tourism: the major determinant for Emirati patients to visit Korea. The Korean journal of internal medicine, 33(1), 221.

Crooks, V. A., Ormond, M., & Jin, K. N. (2017). Reflections on ‘medical tourism’ from the 2016 Global Healthcare Policy and Management Forum. BMC Proceedings, 11(8), 6. doi:10.1186/s12919-017-0075-8

Curtis, C. R., & Upchurch, R. S. (2008). A case study in establishing a positive service culture: Attachment and involvement in the workplace. Journal of Retail & Leisure Property, 7(2), 131-138. doi:10.1057/rlp.2008.5

Ghazali, R., & Abbas, M. Y. (2012). Newly Built Public Paediatric Wards Increase Length of Stay (LOS)? In M. Y. Abbas, A. F. I. Bajunid, & N. F. N. Azhari (Eds.), Ace-Bs 2012 Bangkok (Vol. 50, pp. 623-632). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Bv.

Hoang, H. T., Hill, S. R., & Lu, V. N. (2010). The influence of service culture on customer service quality: Local vs. Foreign service firms in emerging markets. Paper presented at the Proc. ANZMAC 2010 Conf.

Jaapar, M., Musa, G., Moghavvemi, S., & Saub, R. (2017). Dental tourism: Examining tourist profiles, motivation and satisfaction. Tourism Management, 61, 538-552. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.02.023

Kamali, N. J., & Abbas, M. Y. (2012). Healing Environment: Enhancing Nurses’ Performance through Proper Lighting Design. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 35, 205-212. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.02.080

Lashley, C. (1999). Employee empowerment in services: a framework for analysis. Personnel Review, 28(3), 169-191.

Malaysia Healthcare Travel Council. (2019a). Number of Healthcare Travellers and Revenue between 2011-2018 Retrieved from https://www.mhtc.org.my/

Malaysia Healthcare Travel Council. (2019b). Global Recognition Retrieved from https://www.mhtc.org.my/global-recognition/

Moghavvemi, S., Ormond, M., Musa, G., Mohamed Isa, C. R., Thirumoorthi, T., Bin Mustapha, M. Z., . . . Chiremel Chandy, J. J. (2017). Connecting with prospective medical tourists online: A cross-sectional analysis of private hospital websites promoting medical tourism in India, Malaysia and Thailand. Tourism Management, 58(Supplement C), 154-163. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.10.010

Mohammed Abubakar, A. (2016). Does eWOM influence destination trust and travel intention: a medical tourism perspective. Economic research-Ekonomska istraživanja, 29(1), 598-611.

Musa, G., Doshi, D. R., Wong, K. M., & Thirumoorthy, T. (2012). How Satisfied are Inbound Medical Tourists in Malaysia? A Study on Private Hospitals in Kuala Lumpur. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 29(7), 629-646. doi:10.1080/10548408.2012.720150

Ngowtanasuwan, G., & Ruengtam, P. (2013). Applied Simulation Model for Design of Improving Medical Record Area in Out-patient Department (OPD) of a Governmental Hospital. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 101, 147-158. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.07.188

Nisha. (2017). 9 Things We Learned from InsigHT2017: A Convergence of Voices on Medical Travel. Retrieved from https://www.mhtc.org.my/9-things-we-learned-from-insight2017-a-convergence-of-voices-on-medical-travel/

Ojo, B. Y., Busayo, B. M., & Ifeoma, I. L. (2017). Mediating Effect of Service Quality on the Relationship between Employees Empowerment, and Customer Satisfaction in Hotel Industry. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 19(7).

Royal Thai Embassy. (2017). Extension of Stay in the Kingdom of Thailand for Medical Ground in CLMV and People's Republic of China Nationals. Retrieved from http://www.thaiembassy.org/moscow/en/services/80255-Extension-of-Stay-in-the-Kingdom-of-Thailand-for-M.html

Samah, Z. A., Ibrahim, N., Othman, S., & Wahab, M. H. A. (2012). Assessing Quality Design of Interiors: A case study of a Hospital Outpatient Unit in Malaysia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 35, 245-252. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.02.085

Severt, D. E., & Curtis, C. (2008). Chapter 6 - Human resources management and a service culture. In D. V. Tesone (Ed.), Handbook of Hospitality Human Resources Management (pp. 115-133). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.

Srivastava, J., Shukla, H. S., Kaushik, S. S., & Tewari, M. (2017). Interaction with Cancer Patients: Psychological Impact of Doctors’ Communication Behaviour.

Teare, R. (1993). Designing a contemporary hotel service culture. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 4(2), 0-0.

The Star Online. (2018). Dr M: Medical tourism will help boost economy. The Star Online. Retrieved from https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/11/03/dr-m-medical-tourism-will-help-boost-economy/

Veerasoontorn, R., Beise-Zee, R., & Sivayathorn, A. (2011). Service quality as a key driver of medical tourism: the case of Bumrungrad International Hospital in Thailand. International Journal of Leisure and Tourism Marketing, 2(2), 140-158. doi:10.1504/ijltm.2011.038886

Wang, Y.-H. (2017). Expectation, Service Quality, Satisfaction, and Behavioral Intention - Evidence from Taiwan's Medical Tourism Industry. Advances in Management and Applied Economics, 7(1), 1-16.

Wong, K. M., Velasamy, P., & Arshad, T. N. T. (2014). Medical tourism destination SWOT analysis: A case study of Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore and India. Paper presented at the SHS Web of Conferences.

Yeoh, E., Othman, K., & Ahmad, H. (2013). Understanding medical tourists: Word-of-mouth and viral marketing as potent marketing tools. Tourism Management, 34, 196-201.

Yin, R. K. (2014). Case Study Research Design and Methods. United Kingdom: SAGE Publications, Inc. Kindle Edition.

Yusof, N., Rosnan, H., & Zamzuri, N. H. (2019). Internationalisation Process of Medical Tourism Industry in Malaysia, A Sequential Approach. Revista Publicando, 6(19), 448-462.

Zeithaml, V. A. (1988). Consumer perceptions of price, quality, and value: a means-end model and synthesis of evidence. Journal of Marketing, 52(3), 2-22.

Zhang, L., & Lin, Q. (2018). A Multidimensional Analysis of Medical Tourism in Shandong Province-Based on Swot Analysis. Paper presented at the 2018 International Conference on Social Science and Education Reform (ICSSER 2018).

Downloads

Published

2019-07-14

How to Cite

Rosnan, H., Yusof, N., & Shamsuddin, S. (2019). Service Culture of the Workforce in the Medical Tourism Industry: is Malaysia on Par With Thailand?. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal, 4(11), 95–100. https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i11.1730