Establishing the Content Validity study of the Malay version of Parenting Scale (M-PS)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v10iSI35.7485Keywords:
The Parenting Scale;, Malay-Parenting Scale, Occupational therapy, content validityAbstract
This study reports the content validity findings of the Malay-translated version of the Parenting Scale (PS). The objective is to identify relevant items from the translated version. The content validity was evaluated using a relevance score by two groups of parents: 10 parents without disabilities and 10 parents with physical disabilities. The study is a cross-sectional design to assess the Content Validity Index (CVI), including I-CVI, S-CVI/Ave, and modified kappa statistics. Findings indicated that several items required elimination, revision, or retention, ensuring cultural and contextual appropriateness of the PS for Malaysian parents, including those with physical disabilities.
References
Abdullah, A., Yusof, N., & Mansor, M. (2020). Parenting style and children’s behavioural outcomes: A Malaysian perspective. Journal of Family Studies, 26(2), 221–236.
Almanasreh, E., Moles, R., & Chen, T. F. (2019). Evaluation of methods used for estimating content validity. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 15(2), 214–221.
Arnold, D. S., O’Leary, S. G., Wolff, L. S., & Acker, M. M. (1993). The Parenting Scale: A measure of dysfunctional parenting in discipline situations. Psychological Assessment, 5(2), 137–144.
Auger, C., Routhier, F., Dumas, H., Gosselin, G., & Rochette, A. (2023). Assistance required for in-home babysitting activities: Performance-based assessment of parents with physical disabilities. Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences, 4, 10676028.
Bornstein, M. H. (2019). Parenting and child development: The cultural interface. Child Development, 90(5), 1407–1418.
Chong, S. T., & Yeo, L. S. (2018). Parenting styles, parental involvement and students’ academic achievement: A Malaysian perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 38(4), 548–561.
Escalada-Hernández, P., et al. (2022). Best practices in cross-cultural adaptation of measurement instruments in health sciences. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 30(1), 55–72.
Garces-Davila, I., Stewart-Tufescu, A., Linton, J., McCarthy, J.-A., Gill, S., Newton, A. C., Salmon, S., Taillieu, T., & Afifi, T. O. (2024). Parenting interventions to prevent and reduce physical punishment: A scoping review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(11), 1539. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111539
Grusec, J. E., & Hastings, P. D. (Eds.). (2015). Handbook of socialisation: Theory and research (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
Haworth, J. E., Milne, A., & Macleod, C. (2024). Parenting with physical disability: A systematic review of qualitative research. Disability and Health Journal, 17(2), 101501
Jetha, A., Smith, E., & Zasler, N. (2025). Parenting experiences among persons with physical disabilities: A scoping review of qualitative research. Disability and Rehabilitation, 47(6), 1120–1132
Lansford, J. E., Sharma, C., Malone, P. S., Woodlief, D., Dodge, K. A., Oburu, P., Pastorelli, C., Skinner, A. T., Sorbring, E., Tapanya, S., Tirado, L. M. U., Zelli, A., Alampay, L. P., & Di Giunta, L. (2021). Corporal punishment, maternal warmth, and child adjustment: A longitudinal study in eight countries. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 50(1), 12–24.
Leung, C., Tsang, S., Heung, K., & Yiu, I. (2009). Validation of the Chinese Parenting Scale in Hong Kong. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33(5), 421–431
Iezzoni, L. I., Mitra, M., & Smeltzer, S. C. (2019). Strategies for adapting to motherhood among women with physical disabilities. Disability and Health Journal, 12(1), 10–16.
Lightfoot, E., Hill, K., & LaLiberte, T. (2024). Parenting with disabilities: Implications for child welfare and policy. Children and Youth Services Review, 154, 106099.
López-Fernández, G., Gómez-Benito, J., & Barrios, M. (2022). The psychometric properties of the Parenting Scale for Spanish mothers with children aged between 2 and 7 years. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 62, 60–68.
Masiran, R. (2022). A review of parenting in a multicultural country: The Malaysian experience. Journal of Family Studies, 28(3), 421–438.
Musa, R., Fadzil, M. A., & Zain, Z. (2007). Translation, validation and psychometric properties of the Bahasa Malaysia version of the DASS. Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 16(2), 24–35.
Noor, N. M., & Leong, C. H. (2013). Multiculturalism in Malaysia and Singapore: Contesting models. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 37(6), 714–726.
Önder, A., & Gülay, H. (2010). Reliability and validity study of the Turkish version of the Parenting Scale. Early Child Development and Care, 180(8), 1033–1045
Polit, D. F., Beck, C. T., & Owen, S. V. (2007). Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of content validity? Appraisal and recommendations. Research in Nursing & Health, 30(4), 459–467.
Prandstetter, K., Brähler, E., & Glaesmer, H. (2023). Measuring dysfunctional parenting: Psychometric evaluation of three versions of the Parenting Scale. Family Relations, 72(2), 456–470.
Reid, M. J., Webster-Stratton, C., & Beauchaine, T. (2001). Parent training in Head Start: A comparison of program response among African American, Asian American, Caucasian, and Hispanic mothers. Prevention Science, 2(4), 209–227.
Pinquart, M. (2017). Associations of parenting dimensions and styles with externalising problems of children and adolescents: An updated meta-analysis. Developmental Psychology, 53(5), 873–932
Xia, Y., Zhou, Z., & Deng, X. (2018). Validation of the Chinese Parenting Scale among parents of preschool children. Early Child Development and Care, 188(7), 1000–1010.
Yusoff, M. S. B. (2019). Content validity: The foundation of instrument development in health sciences. Education in Medicine Journal, 11(2), 49–54.
Zamanzadeh, V., Ghahramanian, A., Rassouli, M., Abbaszadeh, A., Alavi-Majd, H., & Nikanfar, A.-R. (2015). Design and implementation of a content validity study: Development of an instrument for measuring patient-centred communication. Journal of Caring Sciences, 4(2), 165–178.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Salwa Talib, Nurul Nadzirah Ahmad Roslan, Muhammad Radhi Rahimi Abu Bakar

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.