Agricultural Exports, Agricultural Methane Emissions, and Food Security in Malaysia: Insights from ARDL and Granger Causality Analysis

Nur Fakhzan Marwan; Mohd Faizal Azrul Azwan Che Harun; Asmidar Alias; Ratha Krishnan Suppiah; Muhammad Zainuddin Mohamed Azudin; ‘Ainatul Fathiyah Abdul Rahim

doi:10.21834/e-bpj.v10iSI24.6392

Authors

Nur Fakhzan Marwan Faculty of Business and Management,Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang Branch, Raub Campus, Malaysia
Mohd Faizal Azrul Azwan Che Harun Faculty of Business and Management,Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang Branch, Jengka Campus, Malaysia
Asmidar Alias School of Civil Engineering,Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang Branch, Jengka Campus, Malaysia
Ratha Krishnan Suppiah Faculty of Business and Management,Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang Branch, Raub Campus, Malaysia
Muhammad Zainuddin Mohamed Azudin Faculty of Business and Management,Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang Branch, Raub Campus, Malaysia
‘Ainatul Fathiyah Abdul Rahim Faculty of Administrative Science & Policy Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang Branch, Raub Campus, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v10iSI24.6392

Keywords:

Supply chain, inventory management, TOE

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between Malaysia’s food security, agricultural exports, agricultural methane emissions, agricultural land use, and energy supply from 1990 to 2020. Applying ARDL, variance decomposition, and impulse response analysis, the findings reveal a significant long-term positive impact of all determinants on food security. These findings underscore the need for integrated policies that balance land protection, renewable energy, and export strategies to enhance Malaysia’s sustainable and resilient food security framework.

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