Theory-based Reflective Practice for Intensive Care Unit Nurses: A study protocol
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v10iSI35.7522Keywords:
reflective practice, stress, professional fulfilment, quality of lifeAbstract
Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses are exposed to stressful environments, which can lead to diminished professional fulfilment and a lower quality of life. Reflective practice is a valuable tool for coping strategy but remains underexplored. This study aims to determine the effects of an eight-week theory-based reflective practice intervention structured using C-A-R-E framework on stress levels, professional fulfilment and quality of life among ICU nurses. This quasi-experimental study involves 100 ICU nurses from Klang Valley public hospitals. The data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression and mixed-design ANOVA.
References
Adeyemi, S. S., Adeyemi, A. F., Ogunbanwo, O. M., Oshunpidan, A., & Fatungase, O. M. (2024). Assessment of Levels of Occupational Stress among the Intensive Care Workers in a Selected Hospital in Lagos State. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 30(5), 823-842. https://www.sdiarticle5.com/review-history/115433
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2017). Job Demands–Resources Theory: Taking Stock and Looking Forward. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 273. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000056
Berse, S., Capuk, H., & Agar, A. (2024). Development of the Quality of Life Scale for Shift-working Nurses. Safety and Health at Work, 16(1), 46-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2024.11.004
Bolado, G. N., Ataro, B., Gadabo, C. K., Ayana, A. S., Kebamo, T. E., & Minuta, W. M. (2024). Stress Level and Associated Factors among Nurses Working in the Critical Care Unit and Emergency Rooms at Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals in Southern Ethiopia, 2023: Explanatory Sequential Mixed-Method Study. BMC Nursing, 23(2341). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-02004-w
Branch, R. M. (2009). Instructional design: The ADDIE approach. Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09506-6
Cecere, L., de Novellis, S., Gravante, A., Petrillo, G., Pisani, L., Terrenato, I., Ivziku, D., Latina, R., & Gravante, F. (2023). Quality of Life of Critical Care Nurses and Impact on Anxiety, Depression, Stress, Burnout and Sleep Quality: A Cross-Sectional Study. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 79. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnmr.IJNMR_375_20
Choi, M. H., & Lee, M. (2022). Psychosocial and Psychological interventions' Effectiveness among Nurses in Intensive Care Units caring for Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 10, 883230. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.883230
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A Global Measure of Perceived Stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4). 385–396. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2136404
Gibbs, G. (1988). Learning by Doing: A Guide to Teaching and Learning Methods. Oxford Polytechnic, Further Education Unit.
Gupta, K. K., Attri, J. P., Singh, A., Kaur, H., & Kaur, G. (2016). Basic Concepts for Sample Size Calculation: Critical Step for any Clinical Trials. Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia, 10(3), 328–331. https://doi.org/10.4103/1658-354X.174918
Gustafson, K. A., Bates, B., Cline, K. M., & Gothard, M. D. (2023). Concurrent Validity of the Professional Fulfillment Index in a Sample of Pharmacy Residents and Preceptors. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 80(11), 678-686. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxad043
Hoge, C., Jaar, B., Bender, A., Urbanski, M., Joseph, J., Damron, K., ... & Plantinga, L. (2023). Professional Fulfillment and Burnout among Multidisciplinary U.S. Dialysis Providers. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 81(4). https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnmr.IJNMR_375_20
Holdo, M. (2023). Critical reflection: John Dewey’s relational view of transformative learning. Journal of Transformative Education, 21(1), 9-25. https://doi.org/10.1177/15413446221086727
Huang, F., Wang, H., Wang, Z., Zhang, J., Du, W., Su, C., Jia, X., Ouyang, Y., Wang, Y., Li, L., Jiang, H., & Zhang, B. (2020). Psychometric properties of the perceived stress scale in a community sample of Chinese. BMC Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02520-4
Ilic, I., Sipetic-Grujicic, S., Grujicic, J., Zivanovic Macuzic, I., Kocic, S., & Ilic, M. (2019). Psychometric properties of the World Health Organization's Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) Questionnaire in Medical Students. Medicina, 55(12), 772. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02520-4
Kirk, L. A., Siropaides, C. H., Wang, J., & Chou, C. L. (2025). Effective Remediation for Advanced Practice Providers with Lowest Patient Experience: The Power of Relational Resources. Patient Education and Counseling, 132, 108597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2024.108597
Lea, J., Perry, S., & Mueller, A. (2023). Assessing Advanced Practice Provider Well-Being in an Academic Medical Center. Nursing Clinics of North America, 58(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2024.108597
Mohajer, S., Bagheri, N., Chan, C. M., Danaee, M., Mazlum, S. R., Yoong, T. L., Lopez, V., & Namazinia, M. (2024). Effect of Holistic Reflective Learning Program on Development of Nursing Students’ Professional Competency in Geriatric Clinical Practice: A Quasi-Experimental Study. BMC Medical Education, 24, 1159. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02520-4
Parlak, A. G., Akkus, Y., & Araz, O. (2024). The Effect of Foot Reflexology on Stress, Fatigue, and Low Back Pain in Intensive Care Unit Nurses: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pain Management Nursing: Journal of the American Society of Pain Management Nurses, 25(5), 494–500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2024.05.013
Petrosino, F., Bartoli, D., Trotta, F., Di Nome, S., Di Sarli, M. G., Frammartino, R., & Giancane, F. (2024). Nurses Quality of Life, Sleep Disturbance and Intention to Leave Critical Care Units: A Cross-Sectional Moderated Mediation Analysis. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 81. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02520-4
Saravanabavan, L., Sivakumar, M. N., & Hisham, M. (2019). Stress and Burnout among Intensive Care Unit Healthcare Professionals in an Indian Tertiary Care Hospital. Indian Journal of Critical Medicine, 23(10). https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23265
Trockel, M., Bohman, B., Lesure, E., Hamidi, M. S., Welle, D., Roberts, L., & Shanafelt, T. (2018). A Brief Instrument to Assess Both Burnout and Professional Fulfillment in Physicians: Reliability and Validity, Including Correlation with Self-Reported Medical Errors, in a Sample of Resident and Practicing Physicians. Academic Psychiatry, 42(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40596-017-0849-3
Tyler, J., Boldi, M. O., & Cherubini, M. (2022). Contemporary Self-Reflective Practices: Large-scale Survey. Acta Psychologica, 230, 103768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103768
Wang, C. P., Hung, F. M., Ling, M. S., Chiu, H. Y., & Hu, S. (2022). Factors Associated with Critical Care Nurses’ Acute Stress Disorder after Patient Death. Australian Critical Care, 35(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2021.06.007
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Editor- in-Chief; Nor Farahin Gapar , Siti Khuzaimah Ahmad Sharoni

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.